History2 2
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- Asian Imperialism
- Europe vs. Japan vs. USA
- African Imperialism
- U.K. and France vs. Germany vs. Italy
- Moroccan Crisis
- Germany tried to take over Morocco from France 1905-06, 1911
- Pan Slavism
- Self-determination against Austria-Hungary
- Pan Germanism
- German Agressive Nationalism
- Effects of Pan Germanism
- Defensive French Nationalism
- Militarism
- Defense quickly turned to offense
- Triple Alliance
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Central Powers
-Germany
-Italy
-Austria-Hungary
-Bulgaria
-Ottoman Empire (Turkey) - Triple Etente
-
Allies
-France
-Russia
-U.K.
-Italy(1915)
-Japan(1915)
-Rest of the World - June 28, 1914
- Assassination of Austrian Archduke and his wife in Bosnia by Princip of the Black Hands
- July 6
-
Austria-Hungary's response
Germany's blank check for war - July 23
-
Austria-Hungary's ultimatum
Serbia replies incorrectly - July 28
-
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, bombs Belgrade
Serbia looks to Russia - July 28-30
- Russia mobilizes troops
- July 31
-
German ultimatum to Russia
France supports Russia - August 1
- Germany consults France and declares war on Russia
- French-Russian friendship
-
-Same alliance
-common enemy
-France helped Russia a lot
-Schlieffen Plan-Germany would border two enemies - August 2
- German ultimatum to neutral Belgium
- August 3
- Germany declares war on France
- August 4
-
Germany invades France thru Belgium
U.K. declares war on Germany
Europe mobilizes for war - Homefront Situation in 1916
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Civilian Military Mobilization
Propaganda
Drafting - Western/Eastern Front in 1916
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Stalemate-no one winning
Trench Warfare
War of Attrition-wearing one side down - North Sea in 1916
-
U.K. Blockade
German Counter-Blockade
Battle of Jutland (May 31-June 1)-Germany never recovered - Turning Point
- 1917
- When and why US entered
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April 6, 1917-neutralized u-boats
German unrestricted warfare (Feb. 1, 1917) - Russian Revolutions
-
March and November 1917
Lenin negotiates for peace
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3/3/1918)
Russia drops out of war - German reinforcements to the Western front
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1917-1918
Reinforcements repulsed by allies is Sept. 1918 - Austria-Hungary and Turkey Disintegrate
- Oct. and Nov. 1918
- German Surrender
- Nov. 11, 1918
- Ending the war politically
- Woodrow Wilson's 14 points
- Paris Peace Conference
-
Jan. 18, 1919
Winners were invited-32 nations - The big six
-
-Britain
-France
-U.S.
-Italy
-Japan
-China - The big three
-
Woodrow Wilson-US
Lloyd George-Britain
George Clemenceau-France - Absent from PPC
-
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
Turkey
Russia - Versailles Treaty
- June 28, 1919
- Germany Lost in VT
-
Territory-overseas, alsace-lorraine, poland
Military Cuts-800,000-100,000
-demilitarized Rhine Land
Reparations-5 billion $$ - League of Nations per VT
-
sponsored by US, but they never joined
-Territorial Integrity
-Collective Security
-Economic Sanctions - Treaty with A-H and Turkey
-
Nation building in Eastern Europe
-Poland
-Yugoslavia
-Czechoslovakia - States of the Russian Empire
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Baltic States
-Estonia
-Latvia
-Lithuania
Finland - Minority Problems in E. Europe
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-Refugees
-Ethnic and Religious Minorities - PPC and Non-European World
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Middle East
African German colonies
Asian and Pacific German colonies
All placed under L of Nations - Russian Revolutionaries
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inspired by liberal and marxist ideas
-liberal-freedom, elections
-marxist-communism over capitalism - Revolution of 1905
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Bloody Sunday-Liberal
Started in Petrograd led by G. Gapon
Triggered by Russo-Japanese War
Jan-Oct 1905 - October 1905 Manifesto
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Czar Nicholas II would have advisors and elections
Throw out at the beginning of WW1 - Revolution of March 1917
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Started in Petrograd
Bread Riots
Rasputin vs. Tsarina-Czar Nicholas II abdicates thrown
Creation of Provisional Gov't - Provisional Government
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Leader-Kerensky
Liberals and socialists - Soviets
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Menshevik Marxists (workers)
Socialist Revolutionaries (peasants) - Revolution of November 1917
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Bolshevik Marxists challenge provisional gov't
Winter Palace Coup-Nov. 6-9 1917 - Menshevik vs. Bolshevik Marxists
- Bolshevik was more unified, organized, and informed
- Russia 1918-1920
-
Allie Intervention
Civil War-whites vs. reds (bolsheviks)
Invasion of Poland - Objectives of Russia's Economic Change
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Industrialization
Capital Accumulation-invest in capital goods over consumer goods - War Communism
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1918-1921
Nationalization
Gov't intervention in economy
State of Peasants - New Economic Policy
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1921-1928
Mixed Economy
State of Peasants
Lenin's social and political reforms
Lenin dies
Stalin kills Trotsky and takes over - Collectivization and the 5 year plan
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1928-1933
Stalin revolution
Nationalization
Gov't intervention in economy
State and collective farms
Killin of Kulaks-wealthy farmers
Rapid industrialization - Background of Mexican Revolution
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Land and Liberty-not enough land
Crisis of the cities-not enough jobs
Church with land and state
Caudillo Rule-Diaz - Revolts of 1910
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Madero, Pancho Villa, Zapata
10 yrs of unrest
2 million deaths
Huerta suceeds Madero
Caranza suceeds Huerta - Francisco Madero
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Urban Middle Class
-power sharing
-economic opportunities - Pancho Villa
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N. Mexico-civil war
Anti-foreign cowboys and small farmers - Emiliano Zapata
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S. Mexico
Peasants and lower classes
-land and legal reform - Constitution on 1917
-
Most liberal in world
Land Reform
Church-sep. from land and state
Foreign Corporations
Improved working and living conditions - Nationalist Revolution in China
- Decline of the Manchu Dynasty after the opium wars
- Rise of Republican Movement
- Nationalist intellectuals inpired by US
- Republican Ideaology
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Nationalism
Democracy
Indutrial Socialization
Land Reform - Founding Father of Republican Movement
- Sun Yat Sen
- Republican Supporters
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Students
Industrialists
Traders - China Political Party
- Koumintang (KMT) National People's Party (1905)
- KMT
- 10 unsuccessful revolts
- 11th revolt
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Oct. 10, 1911-Feb. 12, 1912
Ended Manchu Rule
Boy emperor abdicated thrown
Difficult unity and war lords - May 4th Movement
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Intellectual Movement
Originated at Peking University
Wanted Shantung back from Japan
Ordinary Chinese wanted in Universities - Rise of Chiang Kai Shek
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Purge of Communism
Northern Expansion of 1927-no more need for Russia - Chinese Communism
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1920's-1930's
Nationalism was too slow
Inspired by Russia
Defense against Japan - Chinese Communist Party
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1921
Led by Mao Tse Tung-Marxist
Supported by peasants-S. China - The Long March
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1934-1935-Communists
100,000 people
6,000 miles
370 days - Communists New Base
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N.W. China, Yenan, near Russia
-came into power in 1949, kicked Nationalists to Taiwan - Anti-Colonial Reform in India
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Led by Gandhi
Social and Economic Misery
Political Repression
-Amritsar Massacre - Gandhi
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1869-1948
Studied law in U.K., India, and S. Africa
Fought British Imperialism
Hindu Caste System-help Harijans - Gandhi's confrontations with the British
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Satyagrahas of 1920-1922 (non-violent)
Great Salt March of 1930 (large saty..)
Swadeshi(boycott) cloth and cotton not made in India - India Act of 1935
- Electoral Process-base for elections
- Gandhi's Struggles
- Hindu/Muslim divisions
- Anti-colonial Reform in Africa
- Increased during the inter-war years
- Pan Africanism
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Aimed at the unity of Africans everywhere (diaspora)
Originated in USA led by Blyden, DuBois, and Garvey. After WWII Nkrumah and Sekoutoure took over - Political Agitation in Non-White Areas
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Egypt-The Wafd (1918)
Gold Coast-A.R.P.S. (1899)
W. Africa-NCBWA (1920) - Political Repression in White Settler Areas
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Land grabbing
Forced mine and plantation labor
Low wages - Repression in S. Africa
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Majority-Blacks, Colored, Asians
Minority-Afrikaners
Struggle for wealth
-gold
-diamonds - Middle East and Interwar years
- conflicting wartime agreements
- MacMahon-Husayn Correspondence
-
1915-16
Husayn ruled Mecca
MacMahon-British high commision in Egypt
Promised middle east independence after WWI - The Sykes Picot Agreement
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1916
U.K. and France conspired to partition the M. East
-U.K. got Palestine and Iraq
-France got Syria and Lebanon - The Balflour Declaration
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1917
Balflour-British Foreign Secretary
Establish Jewish state in arab Palestine
Supported by Zionists
Creation of Isreal (1948) - Schlieffen Plan
- Attack France with a lot of power, minimal power elsewhere