Dixie Cartwright Geography Test 1
Terms
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- the Study of Human and Natural Features and their distribution on the Earth's Surface.
- Geography
- What are the 2 Major branches of Geography? Name 3 Specialized fields in Each.
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Human Geography (History, Economics, Sociology)
Physical Geography (Climatology, Soils geography, Mathematical geography) - Digital representation of the Earth's surface that can be used to describe landscape feature and can support analysis of these features
- Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
- The collection of data and information without actually being exposed to the area.
- Remote Sensing
- the primary symbol of geography
- Maps
- the art and science of making maps
- Cartography
- the actual distance on Earth as represented by a given linear unit on a map (1:10,000).
- Scale
- indicates a places location in relation to the equator and the poles
- Latitude
- indicates position east or west of the prime meridian, lines extend from pole to pole.
- Longitude
- 0 degrees Longitude
- Prime Meridian
- 0 Degrees Latitude
- Equator
- Imaginary line that divides the world into 2 consecutive Calendar Days
- International Date Line
- Distorts in at least 1 of 4 areas: Shape, Area, Distance, Direction
- Map Projections
- Map projections distort in at least 1 of 4 areas:
- Shape, area, distance, Direction
- Location defined in its relation to other places
- Relative Location
- Location defined according to its mathematical, unique location adress
- Absolute Location
- Largest Geographical units into which the inhabited world can be divided.
- Realms
- Europe is best Characterized as being a large:
- Peninsula
- The traditional physical dividing line between Europe and Asia is
- The Ural Mountains
- Despite Europe's northerly Latitudinal position, it has a very temperate climate due to:
- the Gulf Stream, Atlantic Drift
- 4 Major physigraphic regions of Europe:
- North European Lowland, Alpine Mountain System, Central Lowlands, Western Uplands
- The first Millennium B.C. witnessed a great expansion of ______ and ______ peoples of Europe.
- Germanic and Slavic
- What are the major periods of European History and give 2 examples of what occurred or what was accomplished in each.
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Dark Ages...
Middle Ages: Modern cities founded, feudalism
Renaissance: Reformation, Age of Exploration - Modern day Romance Languages evolved from
- Latin
- The love of one's country
- Nationalism
- Force that brings a state together (9-11)
- Centripetal force
- Force that pulls a state apart (racial conflict, civil war)
- Centrifugal force
- 3 major reasons for Europe's rise in World prominence and power prior to WWII?
- Capitalism, Science, Technology
- What were the major reasons for Europe's decline in World power following WWII?
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1) War
2) Rise in Nationalism (in colonies)
3) US and Russia's rise to world power status
4) Shift in manufacturing patterns
5) Energy Factors - What is the term given to the current population trend occurring in Europe?
- Implosion (declining population; death rate exceeds birth rate)
- The most populated regions of Europe:
- Northwestern Europe (Germany, France, UK, Italy
- European country with the highest Muslim Population
- Albania (No birth Control)
- Main Reason of Population growth in Europe: Is this a problem?
- Immigration; yes- not enough jobs
- 3 Major divisions of European Languages and their regions:
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Romance (French, Spanish, Italian)
Germanic (German, Swedish, English, Dutch)
Slavic (Polish, Croatian, Bulgarian, Slovenian,Ukrainian) - the process by which regions or peoples within a state demand and gain political strength and sometimes autonomy either through negotiation or active rebellion.
- Devolution
- Examples of Devolution
- Yugoslavia, The UK, Spain
- Post-Industrial Society
- Shift From farming to Services and Industry. Growing Middle class
- A voluntary association of three or more states. Political, economic, and/or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives
- Supranationalism
- European Union (EU)
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Coordinates a policy of unifying economics, defense, and justice and home affairs.
27 Members - 2 Countries that lead the EU
- France and Germany
- The Benelux Countries
- Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg
- United Kingdom
- England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland
- The fragmentation of a political area into many smaller independent units
- Balkanization
- The leading financial center of Europe
- Zurich
- The English Channel Tunnel Connect which 2 countries
- U.K. and France
- Europe's Largest Country by area
- Germany
- City that is twice the size of the countries second largest city
- Primate city
- A large Strategically located region caught between conflicting interest of great powers
- Buffer State
- Scandinavia
- Norway, Sweden, and Denmark
- What is extracted from the north sea
- BOTH oil and natural gas
- what defines the boundaries of a realm?
- cultural aspects & natural features
- 3 types of geographical regions and examples
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Formal (US),
Functional (Major city: NYC), Vernacular (south) - Region that displays a visible and measurable amount of unity
- Formal Region
- Region not marked by the sameness but by the interactions occurring within the region
- Functional Region
- region that exists in the mind of a large number of people and play an important role in cultural identity
- Vernacular region
- What does Continental Drift do?
- affects the physical landscape
- pattern that emerges over a 30 yr period in both precipitation and temperature of a given location
- Climate
- Atmospheric conditions prevailing at one time and place
- weather
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What doesn't affect a locations climate?
a)longitude
b)latitude
c)Elevation - longitude
- Precipitation caused by the ascent of air over hills or mountains
- Orographic Precipitation
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Climate and Vegetation:
Sahara - Dry
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Climate and Vegetation:
Indonesia - Humid Equatorial
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Climate and Vegetation:
Starkville - Humid Temperate
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Climate and Vegetation:
Andes Mts - Undifferentiated Highland
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Climate and Vegetation:
Italy - Humid temperate
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Climate and Vegetation:
Moscow, Russia - Humid Temperate
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Climate and Vegetation:
Paris - Humid Temperate
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Climate and Vegetation:
Alaska - Cold Polar
- Shared patters of learned behavior by a group of individuals
- culture
- the forms placed on the physical landscape by activity of man
- Cultural Landscape
- place of origin of a major culture or cultural trait
- Cultural Hearth
- Spread of cultural traits from the cultural hearth
- Cultural Diffusion
- Current population
- 6.5 Billion
- Country with highest population
- China
- Country with smallest population
- Tuvalu
- Country with the highest population density
- monaco
- country with the lowest population density
- Mongolia
- an area organized into a political unit with a government in effective control
- State (US)
- a group of tightly knit people who share numerous cultural characteristics, and usually do not control their own territory
- Nation (Kurds)
- a political unit that meets the criteria of both a state and a nation. It is the ideal political model, but is very rare
- Nation-State (Japan)
- Total outputs of goods and services a country produces internally
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- 4 factors that influence the relative wealth of a nation
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>Good geographical location
>Abundance of Raw materials
>Skilled Labor force
>Political Stability - Per capital which country has the highest GDP
- LUxembourg
- Nation that has become prosperous despite its lack of Natural resources
- Japan
- The spread of free trade, free markets, investments, and ideas across borders
- Globalization
- Most populated area
- East Asia (1.5 Billion)