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Question: Answer
What is a scribe: Professional Writer
What kind of belief did the Sumerians have: Polythiestic
What does specialize mean: Doing one kind of work
What is an artisan: Producer of goods such as pots (items people make)
What is cuneiform: Form of writing
What does barter mean: Exchange goods
A Mesopotamian temple was called what: Zuggurat
What are the five traits used to categorize a civilization: Cities, advanced technology, specialized labor, complex institutions, and writing
How did the Sumerians overcome the problems of flooding rivers and dry climate: They irrigated and built levies
What kind of resources did Sumer not have: Stone, wood, and metals
How did Sumerians overcome the problems presented by their flant landscape: They built city walls
Were women allowed to become priest: Yes
Who were allowed to be scribes: Men
Who were the most important people in Sumer: Priests
What other jobs did priests have other than religious duties: Collected taxes, managed irrigation systems, told farmers when to plant, and employed/paid people
Who were the most important gods to Sumerians: Nature gods
What were the characteristics of a Sumerian god: Arbitrary (based what they expected on what they wanted), supernatural, and immortal
What was after-life like for Sumerians: Same gloomy place for every one
What were the inventions of the Sumerians: Wheel, plow, and sailboat
Were Sumerians peaceful: No, they were almost in constant warfare with other city-states
Who were the public words organized and run by: Priests
What developed in Sumer to make trade easier: Writing
What was the status of women like: They could be lower-ranking priests, and own and inherit land, but they could not be scribes
What is the order of leadership in Sumer: 1) Priests ruled; 2) War leaders were appointed; 3) War leaders became permanent; 4) Sons inherited leaderhsip role from fathers
Who were the taxes collected by: Priests
What did Sumerians write on: Clay tablets
Was cuneiform hard to learn: Yes because it was pictures it had a lot of symbols to learn
What does Mesopotamia refer to: The land between the Tigris and Euphrates
What is Hammurabi's code: A set of laws that applied all over the empire
What was the goal of Hammurabi's code: Cause justice to prevail; Destroy wicked and evil; prevent the strong from oppressing the weak; enlighten the land; welfare the people
What did principles did Hammurabi's code enfore: An eye for an eye; applied to everyone though punishment depended on your status; government had responsibility for the welfare of its people
Who is the father of Judaism: Abraham
Judaism was a belief in one God called: Monotheism
What was the covenant between God and the Jews: God would take care of the Jews if he obeyed his laws
What is the good in having an alphabet: It had fewer symbols
How did the Assyrians enforce their laws: Through fear
How did the Persians enfore their laws: Through kindess
What were the stargazers of Babylon: Chaldeans
Why did the Chaldeans gaze at the stars: They believed stars guided human destiny
What did the Persians do to guide their empire: Divided the empire into provinces and put governors in charge of each province
Who is Cyrus: The first important Persian king
Who is Nebuchadnezzar: Most important king of Babylon- of the Chaldeans
What are the Ten Commandments: The set of laws followed by the Jews/Hebrews
What start the alphabet over pictographs: Phoenicians
Who believed in the Zorasterism beliefs: Persians
What was the Zoroasterism beliefs: Two forces fight for a person's soul- good and bad
Why is the Nineveh library important: World's largest library at the time, 25000 clay tablets, with a lot of info. on Mesopotamia
Who was the Nineveh library important to: Assyrians
What are satraps: A governor for each Persian province
What people were the satraps important to: Persians
Why is purple die important: It is the main prophet for the Phoenicians
How do the Phoenicians get the purple dye: From snails
Which people used astrology, astronomy, and the zodiac: Chaldeans
Who had a belief in one god: Jews/Hebrews
Who believed in the struggle between forces of good and evil: Persians
Who believed in paradise and fiery pit: Persians
Who made standard coins, weights, and measures: Persians
Who had hanging gardens: Chaldeans
Who had a well-trained army, very disciplined, and cruel: Assyrians
Who was Hammurabi's Code important to: Amorites
Who are the Hebrew prophets: Isaiah, Micah, and Jeremiah
Who were the Hebrew kings?: David, Solomon, and Saul
Who were the most powerful traders in the Mediterranean world: Phoenicians
Who is Assurbinipal: The most famous Assyrians king
Who believed that tolerance towards conquered people could governor people: Persians
Who created a system of roads: Persians
The Ch'in Dynasty is known for: Being the meanest
The Chou Dynasty is known for: Being the longest
The Han Dynasty is known for: Being the nicest (defeated the Huns)
The Shang Dynasty is known for: Being the earliest
What dynasty had the first emporer: Ch'in
During what dynasty did Confucious live and teach: Chou
During which dynasty was the Great Wall built: Ch'in
Which dynasty made the tomb with terra cotta soldiers: Ch'in
Which dynasty had their language written on oracle bones: Shang
Which dynasty had the first cities: Shang
What is the order of dynasties: 1) Shang 2) Chou 3) Ch'in 4) Han
What two rivers encompass China: Yellow and Yangtze
What is the heartland of China: The land between the Yellow and Yangtze rivers
What cut China off from the rest of Asia in the southwest: Himalayas
Who is the most important loyalty for traditional Chinese to: Family
Who had the ultimate right to decide marriages, and control hte family businesses in a Chinese family: Oldest male
How could women improve their status: Have a son
Why were sons so important in Ancient China: They performed hte rituals that kept hte ancestors happy
What was the Mandate from Heaven: The approval for an emperor's rule came from heaven
What is filial piety: Respect for elders
What were the two crafts at which the Shang artisans excelled: Bronze and silk
What was a good aspect of Chinese writing: No matter what language you spoke, you could read it
What is a bad aspect of Chinese writing: There were a whole lot of symbols to know, therefore the average person was illiterate
What are the five relationships Confucius taught: 1) Ruler-ruled 2) Father-son 3) Husband-wife 4) Friend-friend 5) Older sibling-younger sibling
According to Taoists what, what is the way to achieve contentment and happiness: Try to follow the natural order
What was the most famous/start of Taoism: Lao-Tzu
According to legalists society best functioned how: When there were stiff punishments for people who broke the law, and good rewards (in practice there were few awards0
what are the analects: The writings of Confucius
Who was the greatest Ch'in emporer: Huang-ti
Who was the greatest Han emporer: Wu-ti
Did nobles in Egyptian society have much to do: Yes
What was the role of women in Egyptian society: They could be almost anything they wanted to be, one woman even proclaimed herself a pharaoh
What did children under 12 wear: They wore no clothing, but the boys and girls wore golden ornaments around their necks. The girls also wore strings of beads their waist
How could someone of the lower class advance: Through service to the pharaoh, especially through the army
What did an Egyptian have to be able to do in order to advance in society: Be able to write
What gives us information about the lives of peasants: Information about peasant life comes from wall paintings in tombs
Who were the slaves in Egyptian society: The slaves were captives from the many wars the Egyptians fought during the New Kingdom
What is "maat": Maat was the idea of justice, right, truth, and order
What happened to a person in afterlife if they had committed evil deeds: Their heart tipped the scale and the Devourer of Souls would pounce on the impure heart and gobble it up
How did Akhenaten try to change Egyptian beliefs: He said that the sun god, Aton, was the only true god
Why were the priests so powerful in Egypt: The priests were so powerful because people believed they had charms and chants that could protect the living and the dead
EWhat was Egyptian writing called: Hieroglyphics
In order to redraw the borders of fields after a flood, Egyptians need some knowledge about what branch of mathematics: Geometry
What were Egyptians able to do in medicine: They knew how to check a pulse, and they were able to deal with broken bones, wounds, and fevers
What is teh mountain range that lies between India and China: Himalayas
What is the level, fertile heartland of India: Indus-Ganges plain
How do scholars think the ancient Indus civilization ended: 1) Invasion of nomds from north of Himalayas 2) River changed course 3) Overuse of land
What do Hindus believe after death: They believe that a person is reincarnated and the inner self is reborn in a different form
What is the Hindu caste system: A system in which there are different caste, each one having less and less importance and you can only move up in your caste by doing good deeds in this life to move up in the next life
What do Hindus believe about Brahman: 1) Many gods, but all are a part of Brahman 2) All living things are a part of Brahman 3) Once you reach moksha, you are no longer reborn and you become one with Brahman 4) One aspect of Brahman is Self, or soul 5) Brahman is a unifying and all-powerful spirit
What is maksha: Perfect understanding
What was Siddhartha Gautama: He was a spoiled prince who could not see suffering
Who did Siddhartha Gautama become: Buddha
According to Buddhism, how can people overcome their desires and attain enlightment: Eightfold Path
What is the goal of Buddhism: Nirvana
What is nirvana: Release from pain and suffering
What is dharma: Determines what is good
Who is Ashoka: He is a Mauryan leader and was characterized by rule through public announcement; known for spreading Buddhism; and protecting of the welfare of Indians of all castes
What did the teachings of Buddha include: Life cycle of pain is by seeking wisdom
What is the climate of India largely determined by: Monsoons which are seasonal winds
The Indian civilization began near what: River valley (between Yellow and Yangtze)
What was the Yellow River nicknamed: China's Sorrow
What is the order of Indian leadership/government: 1) Indus River civilization 2) Aryan invasion 3) Persian rule 4) Alexander the Great 5) Chandrgupta 6) Ashoka 7) Buddhism
What did the caste system to do Indians: Divided them into distinct social groups
Put these events in order: 1) Building of Harappa 2) Invasion by Persians 3) Hindu religion 4) Aryan invasion: 1) Harappa 2) Aryan invasion 3) Hinduism 4) Persian invasion
Put the following religion with each example: Put the following religion with each example
Moksha: Hinduism
Nirvana: Buddhism
People suffer because they have selfish desires: Buddhism
People suffer because of what they have done in their previous life: Hinduism
Four Noble Truths: Buddhism
Upanishads: Hinduism
Brahman: Hinduism
Many gods that are forms of the one god: Hinduism
Vedas: Hinduism
Eightfold Path: Buddhism
No complex rituals: Buddhism
Karma: Hinduism
Dharma: Hinduism
Right meditation: Buddhism
The way to end suffering is to give up desires: Buddhism
Which of following was the leader of Athens during its golden ages: Pericles
What are the dates of the Golden Age: 480-430 B.C.
What is the Parthenon: It is considered one of the greatest monuments of Greek architecture because it had excellent design and craftsmanship
Greek art of the golden age showed what traits of a person: Proportion, serenity, order, and balance
Who were the two most famous tragic playwrights: Sophocles and Aeschylus
What wre theatres in ancient Greece: OUtdoor theatres called ampitheatres
What was the role of the chorus in a Greek play: Comment on the action to help the plot move along
what is excessive pride: Hubris
What is the emotional cleansing a Greek experienced attending a Greek play: Catharsis
What was the city of Athens like: Dirty, smelly, and noisy
What were houses in Athens like: Tiny with thin, mud-brick walls and they had little furniture/decoration
What was Athens' major trading item: Pottery
What was Athens' strategy in the Pelopponesian War: Destroy Sparta's allies and colonies by sea
What was Sparta's strategy in the Pelopponesian War: Destroy Athens' food supply
Why did Athens eventually lose: Plague and defeat in Sicily
What did Socrates teach: To question everything
Why was Socrates condemned to die: He was accused to corrupting the youth
What did Plato teach: The best government is ruled by the wisest
What did Aristotle teach: A way of thinking logically by using a syllogism
What is the name of the sea which the Greek civilization developed: Mediterranean
What is the largest island near the Greek mainland on which the Minoan civilization developed: Crete
What is arete: The ideal of excellence and honor
What was the political unti of which the Greeks were a part of: city-state
What is a city-state called: Polis
What were the Greek gods like: They were much like humans
Who were considered Greek citizens: Free, native-born males
How did the geography of Greece influence the region's development: Divided it into a number of small regions; provided good harbors on inlets and bays; limited farming, but encouraged trading
What was the day like for a guy in Greece: Taking an active part in civic life; discussing public issues in the market place; and attending religious festivals
What was the Greek battle formation using a wall of shields called: Phalanx
What type of government developed in Athens: Democracy
What is rule by a small group of nobles called: Aristocracy
What is the result of the PErsian Wars: Increased power and pride for Athens
What was the goal of the people of Sparta: Keep their city powerful
What was Themistocles' plan for winning the final Persian War: Using the Athenian army to defeat the Persians and abandoning the city
What is the Greek marketplace called: Agora
What is a Greek foot soldier armed with iron weapons called: Hoplite
What is a Messinian forced to work the land for Spartans called: Helot
Were there many rivers connecting cities in Greece: No
Where did the Mycenaean civilizatin arise: The Greek mainland
What advanced technology did the Minoans have: Water, bathtubs, and flush-toilets
What indicated that life for the Minoans was pleasant: Wall paintings
Who destroyed the Mycenaean civilization: Peoples of the Sea
What is storyteller like Homer called: Bard
What was the largest of the Greek polises: Sparta
What is the order of government in Greece: 1) Warrior/kings 2) Nobles 3) Tyrants 4) Democracy
What was the effect of introducing iron in Greece: The common people had weapons
Did Spartan women have many rights: Yes, more than Athenian women
Who is one of the great reformers of government in Athens: Solon
Who added the Council of 500 to the governing body of the assembly: Cleisthenes
What was the role of the Council of 500: Advise the assembly
What was the Struggle of Orders?: attempt by plebeians to increase their power increase their political power that led to the creation of Tribunes and the Twelve Tables
What is the name of the mountain chain in northern Italy?: Alps
Describe Italy's location: centrally located in the Mediterranean basin allowing trade and conquest
Who were the patricians?: powerful nobility of Rome
What were the responsibilities of Roman citizenship?: pay taxes and serve in the military
Describe Rome's republic.: representative democracy; consuls possessed the power to veto; assemblies and senate proposed laws
Who fought in the Punic Wars?: Rome and Carthage
What were the effects of the Punic Wars?: destruction of Carthage; Roman trade expanded; increased wealth; gap between patricians and plebeians; increased slavery; unemployment; latifundias
Where is Gaul?: modern-day France
Where is Carthage?: northern Africa
What were the laws of Rome's republic?: Twelve Tables
What right did the Twelve Tables ensure?: all people were equal before law; innocent until proven guilty
Which civilization colonized Carthage?: Phoenicia
Who was the Carthaginian general who attacked Rome?: Hannibal
Who made up the First Triumvirate?: Caesar, Pompey, Crassus
Who was Scipio?: Roman general who defeated Carthage
What were the Tribunes?: representatives of the plebeians who posssessed the power to veto
What were the two main classes of Roman society?: patricians and plebeians
Before being a republic, what type of government did Rome have?: Etruscan king/monarchy
What powers did consuls have?: executives who could veto, ran the day-to-day affairs of government, led army
Why was Caesar killed?: he became too powerful
Who killed Caesar?: the senators (Brutus and Cassius)
What happened to Rome following the assassination of Caesar?: Civil War; Octavian emereged as emperor
What was the purpose of Caesar's reforms?: to increase his power; give more power to plebeians
Who were the plebeians?: commoners
List 3 facts about Caesar?: he was a great general, he was liked by the plebeians, he took the title dictator for life, he was killed by senators who felt he was attempting to become king
What were the results of the Pax Romana?: uniform system of money, uniform code of laws, travel and trade increased, stressed family values
Who attempted to improve the governing of Rome by dividing the Empire?: Diocletian
What language did Romans speak?: Latin
Why was the language of Rome very important?: it formed the basis for our Romance languages of today
What was the Colosseum?: stadium for gladiatorial combat
As Christianity developed, who assumed the leadership of the Catholic Church?: pope/Bishop of Rome
Why did many Romans oppose Christianity?: it went against their polytheistic beliefs, they blamed Christians for plagues and famines, it was a threat to the emperor's power
The first emperor of Rome took this title: Augustus
The writings of Jesus' followers are collected in this book?: New Testament
What happened to trade during the Pax Romana?: increased
What is a civil service?: long-term government employees who are chosen based on their training and skills
Who wrote the Aenied?: Virgil
What was the purpose of Virgil's Aenied?: promote traditional Roman values
Why did the Roman Empire experience inflation?: increased territorial spending and military spending
What is the Pax Romana?: 200 year period of peace and prosperity
The roots for Christianity are found in which religion?: Judaism
Who was the Christian messiah?: Jesus
Where do the name for our planets come from?: Roman gods
Which Roman emperor legalized Christianity?: Constantine
Who was the apostle responsible for spreading Christianity throughout the Roman Empire?: Paul
Who moved Rome's capital to Byzantium?: Constantine
Who did Augustus defeat to become emperor?: Marc Antony
During the Pax Romana what happened to the Rome's territory?: increased slightly
Who was Rome's first emperor?: Augustus
Which emperor began the Pax Romana?: Augustus

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Deck Info

Number of cards 249