Mr.Hunt 9th grade exam chapters vocab
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- Colony
- a settlement of people living in a new territory, linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control
- Predestination
- the belief that god has determined in advance who will be saved and who will be damned
- Zamindar
- a local official in Mogul India who received a plot of farmland for temporary use in return for collecting taxes for the central government
- Porcelain
- a ceramic made of fine clay baked at very high temperatures
- Czar
- Russian for "Caesar" the title used by Russian emperors
- Divine rights of kings
- the belief that kings receive their power from god and are responsible only to god
- Shah
- king (used in Persia and Iran)
- Inflation
- a rapid increase in prices
- Humanism
- an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history
- Fresco
- a painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water based paints
- Orthodoxy
- traditional beliefs, especially in religion
- Triangular trade
- a pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, Asia, and the American continents
- Mannerism
- an artistic movement that emerged in Italy in the 1520's and 1530's; it marked the end of the Renaissance by breaking down the principles of balance, harmony, and moderation
- Urban society
- a system in which cities are the center of political, economic, and social life
- Barque
- a artistic style of the seventeenth century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation, and contrasting elements
- Militant
- combative
- Harem
- "sacred place" the private domain of an ottoman sultan, where he and his wives resided
- Banner
- in Qing china, a separate military unit made up of Manchus; the empires chief fighting force
- Daimyo
- "great names" heads of noble families in Japan who controlled vast landed estates and relied on samurai for protection
- Clan
- a group of related families
- Salvation
- the state of being saved through faith alone or through faith and good works
- Mercenary
- a soldier who sells his services to the highest bidder
- Ulema
- a group of religious advisers to the ottoman sultan; this group administered the legal system and schools for educating Muslims
- Dowry
- a gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage, either by the brides parents to her husband or, in Islamic societies by a husband to his wife
- Secular
- worldly
- Mercantilism
- a set of principles that dominate economic thought in the seventeenth century
- Suttee
- the Hindu custom of cremating a widow on her husband's funeral pyre
- Commercial capitalism
- economic system in which people invest in trade or goods to make profits
- Natural rights
- rights with which all humans are supposedly born, including the right to life, liberty, and property
- Middle passage
- the journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas, so called because it was the middle portion of the triangular trade route
- Sultan
- "holder of power" the military and political head of state under the Seljuk Turks and the ottomans
- Conquistador
- a Spanish conqueror of the Americas
- Queue
- the braided pigtail that was traditionally worn by Chinese males
- Witchcraft
- the practice of magic by people supposedly in league with the devil
- Absolutism
- a political system in which a ruler holds total power
- Indulgence
- a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the catholic church, reducing time in purgatory after death
- Eta
- Japan's outcast class, whose way of life was strictly regulated by the Tokugawa
- Christian humanism
- a movement that developed in northern Europe during the renaissance combining classical learning with the goal of reforming the catholic church
- Janissary
- a soldier in the elite guard of the ottoman Turks
- Mainland states
- part of a continent, as distinguished from peninsulas or offshore islands
- Grand vizier
- the ottoman sultans chief minister, who led the meetings of the imperial council
- Balance of trade
- the difference in value between what a nation imports and what it exports over time
- Bureaucracy
- an administrative organization that relies on non-elective officials and regular procedures
- Anarchy
- political disorder; lawlessness
- Commonwealth
- a republic
- Armada
- a fleet of warships
- Pasha
- an appointed official in the ottoman empire who collected taxes, maintained law and order, and was directly responsible to the sultans court
- Gunpowder empire
- an empire formed by outside conquerors who unified the regions that they conquered through their mastery of firearms
- Boyar
- a Russian noble
- Han
- one of the approximately 250 domains into which Japan was divided under the Tokugawa
- Hostage system
- a system used by the shogunate to control the daimyo in Tokugawa Japan; the family of a daimyo lord was forced to stay at their residence in the capital whenever the lord was absent from it
- Annul
- declare invalid
- Plantation
- large agricultural estate