History Page 1
Terms
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- Allied Nations
- Britain, France, USA, Canada, USSR
- IL Duce
- The leader; Benito Mussolini
- Kamikaze
- Japanese suicide pilot
- operation overlord
- allied invasion of Normandy (D-Day)
- Pearl Harbor
- December 7, 1941 Japanese bombed military base in Hawaii - brought US into war
- Cash and Carry
- policy adopted by US in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. GB and France could buy goods from the US if they paid in full and transported them
- Potsdam Declaration
- ultimatum from the potsdam conference that was issued by US, GB and China to Japan offering the country the choice between unconditional surrender and total annihilation
- Office of Price Administration
- set limits on consumer prices and rent to prevent inflation
- Atlantic Charter
- Anglo-American declaration that stated the countries aims for the outcome of the war. People of every nation should be free to choose their own form of government and live free of fear and want, disarmament, and a permanent system of general security
- manchuria
- province in northeast china invaded by japan in september 1931
- National War Labor Board
- helped resolve labor disputes that might slow down war production
- Disarmament
- giving up military weapons
- Holocaust
- the systematic extermination of millions of European Jews, as well as Roma, Slavs, intellectuals, homosexuals, and political dissidents, by the Nazis and their allies during WWII
- Annex
- process where a government gains control over a territory not presently under their jurisdiction. Usually involves conquest or force. i.e; Germany annexed Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland, Czech, and Poland
- munich conference
- 1938 conference where European leaders attempted to appease Hitler by turning over Sudetenland to him in exchange for promist that Germany would not expand Germany's territory any further
- Ethiopia
- African nation invaded by fascist Italy in 1935
- Anti-Semitism
- discrimination against Jews
- Code Talker
- used a special code based on the Navajo language to send messages. The Japanese never broke the code
- Bataan Death March
- April 1942, American soldiers forced to march 65 miles to prison camps by Japanese. many died on the way
- Blitzkrieg
- German lightning warfare
- mobilization
- gathering of resources and prep for war
- Dunkirk
- city in northwest corner of France - allied troops trapped by advancing Germans. 800 British ships crossed the Channel of England to rescue over 300,000 GB and French troops
- Civil Defense
- protective measures in case of attack. For example, during WWII volunteers scanned the skies for enemy aircraft and coastal cities enforced blackouts
- Dictator
- political leader who rules a country with absolute power, usually by force
- Bracero program
- US labor agents recruited thousands of farm and railroad workers from Mexico. stimulated emigration for Mexico
- Nuremberg Laws
- established legal basis in Nazi Germany for discrimination against Jews
- Nisei
- American born children of japanese people
- D-Day
- June 6, 1944; day where Allied forces landed on beach of Normandy to begin the offensive against Germans in the occupied territory of Europe
- American First Committee
- Organization created by isolationists who argued that the US should keep out of Europe's buisness
- Fascism
- any movement ideology, or attitude that favors dictatorial government, centralized control of private enterprise, repression of all opposition and extreme nationalism
- Fair Employment Practices Commission
- established to combat discrimination in industries that held government contracts
- Island Hopping
- American navy attacked islands held by Japanese in Pacific Ocean. Capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan
- Concentration Camps
- prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. Conditions were inhumane, and prisoners, mostly Jewish people, were generally starved or worked to death, or killed
- Appeasement
- policy by which czechoslovakia, GB, and France agreed to Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland in agreement for not taking any additional Czech territory
- Axis
- Japan, Germany, Italy
- Neutrality Acts
- originally designed to avoid american involvement in WWII by preventing loans to those countries taking part in conflict. they were modified in '39 to allow aid to GB and other Allied Nations
- Internment Camps
- Detention centers where more than 100,000 Japanese Americans were relocated during WWII by order of president
- maginot line
- string of steel and concrete bunkers along German border from Belgium to Switzerland set up by Brits and french
- Battle of Britain
- aerial battle fought in WWII in 1940 b/tween German Luftwaffe (air force) and the British Royal Air Force
- Death Camps
- killed prisoners immediately - used by Hitler
- Lend-Lease Act
- Approve by Congress in March 1941; the act allowed america to sell, lend or lease arms or other supplies to nations considered "vital to the defense of the United States"
- Genocide
- wiping out an entire group of people
- Battle of the Bulge
- Term used to describe the actions following the German offensive through the Ardennes forests in December 1944
- manhattan project
- code name for US effort during WWII to produce atomic bomb. much of early research was done in NYC by refugee physcists in US
- Office of War Information
- established by the government to promote patriotism and help keep americans united behind the war effort
- Korematsu vs. US
- 1944: Supreme Court case where SC upheld order providing for relocation of Jap Americans - not until '88 that congress formally apologized and payed $20,000 to each survivor
- Nazism
- doctrines of nationalism, racial purity, anti-Communism, and all powerful role of the State. National Socialist Germany Workers party, or Nazis. advocated by Hitler in Germany
- magic
- code name for US code breaking operations against japs