Cold War Terms Quiz
Terms
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- Helsinki Accords
- 1975; 35 nations signed it; stated basic human rights (speech, religion, fair trial, earn a living, fair trial)
- OPEC
- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; halted oil exports and raised oil prices in 1973
- Berlin Wall
- Built by Eastern Germany; built in 1961 and knocked down in 1989; split democractic West Berlin from communist East Berlin to keep the communists from escaping to the democratic side
- Brown v. Topeka Board of Education
- 1954; Supreme Court decision that said segretated schools were unconstitutional
- Nikita Krushchev
- new Soviet leader after Stalin; 1956; dennounced Stalin; wanted a peace with the west
- Boris Yeltsin
- 1991; replaces Gorbachev; 1st President of Russia; faced economic and political turmoil due to change from communism to democracy
- People's Republic of China-Mao Zedong
- Mao defeats Jeng Jieshi and Nationalists to set up the People's Republic of China (communist); 1949-76
- Tianenmen Square massacre
- May 1989 in communist China; students were killed by soldiers after they refused to leave; happened about a month after Berlin Wall fell
- Korean War
- 1950-3; spread of communism over the 38th parallel; between North Korea (backed by Zedong) and South Korea (backed by US); no treaty signed, only an armistice
- Vietnam War
- 1959-75; Vietnam becomes communist; between communist North Vietnam, headed up by Ho Chi Minh, and South Vietnam, headed by Diem (whom US put into power); US withdraws
- Ho Chi Minh
- Communist and nationalist; wants to unite Vietnam under northern (communist) rule and push Diem out of power; Vietcom
- PLO-Yasir Arafat
- Palestine Liberation Organization, headed up by Arafat; terrorist group that sought establishment of autonomy area to form Palestinian state on Gaza strip
- Yitzak Rabin
- prime minister of Isreal who signed Oslo accord with Arafat; was assasinated by a Jewish student
- Saddam Hussein
- fought war with Iran; invaded Kuwait and started Persian Gulf War; dictator of Iraq
- Nelson Mandela
- liberator of South Africa; was released from prison in 1990 because of trade embargos from US; negociated the reformation of South Africa
- Desmond Tutu
- Church of England; recieved Nobel Peace Prize for his nonviolent opposition to apartheid
- Fidel Castro-Cuban revolution
- set up a communist dictaorship in Cuba in 1959
- Bay of Pigs
- JFK and anti-Castro exiles had a plot to overthrow Castro; invasion force landed at Bay of Pigs and was crushed in 1961; leads to Cuban Missle Crisis
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt
- starts Good Neighbor Policy with South America; implements the New Deal to pull the US out of the Depression; signed the Atlantic Charter with Churchill
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- planned D-Day as Supreme Allied Commander
- Douglas MacArthur
- leader of Pacific area of WWII and captures Phillipines; also involved in Korean War
- Marshall Plan
- implemented by Truman to strengthen democratic governments to prevent Germany from becoming communist in its weakness and bring Europe down too
- Harry S. Truman-Containment Policy
- issued the Truman Doctrine on March 12, 1947; conatinment meant limiting communism to the areas already under Soviet control
- European Union
- 1980s and 1990s; a European economic organization that helped unifty Europe economically; introduced the Euro
- NATO
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization; formed by US, Canada, and nine Western European countries in 1949; a military alliance to come to each others aid in case of war
- Warsaw Pact
- 1955; Soviet Union formed own military alliance; included USSR and seven satellites in Eastern Europe; mainly a weapon to keep satellites in order
- United Nations
- April 1945; national organization to ensure peace; different from League of Nations because it had the United States backing and a military to enforce its rules