History Exam

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Zheng He (Ming): commanded seven expeditions to promote trade and collect tributary tax
Swahili City States: - East African culture trade cities - Arabic influence
Feudalism (Zhou): system of government in which local lords governed their own lands but owed military support to the main ruler.
Filial Piety (Confucianism): respect for parents above all other duties
Medina (Islam): holy muslim city, muhammad established peace there when he was being persecuted in Mecca
Prophet (Judaism): spiritual leader who interprets g-d's will
Jesus (Christianity): he was the son of King David of Israel, considered the messiah, preached the teachings of Christianity
Jainism: - Founded by Mahavira. - Extreme peace - Not caring about anything, including family. - No comforts
Mongols: - Nomadic people
Mughal Empire: - Founded by Babur - 1526-1857 - Akbar the Great was an important leader
Timbuktu (Mali): huge trade city in kingdom of Mali
Grand Canal (Sui): huge canal connecting rivers of china, improves trade and feeds armies.
Paul (Christianity): played the most influential role in spreading chrisitanity, one day he had a vision of Jesus speaking to him and decided to spread the religion of Christianity by teaching others Jesus' teachings.
Vedic Age: - Time when aryans migrated from asia to europe. - Led by rajahs - Originally polytheistic, morphed into Hinduism. - Sanskrit became written written language.
Abbasids (Islam): dynasty after the Umayyads, lasted until 1258, focused on equality of all muslims.
Ethiopia: - Previously Axum - Protected by rugged mountains so they were able to protect independence - Christian faith was a large part of culture brought by trade - Mountain churches.
Shang: Dynasty, Ancestor Worship
Macao (Qing): region of southeastern China
Hausa: City states of hausa built walls around their cities Commercial trade centers
Confucianism: founded by Confucius
Heresy (Christianity): religious elief that is contrary to the official teachigns of a church
Bureaucracy (Han): system of government that includes different jobs and levels of authority.
Shiite (Islam): group of muslims that felt Muhammad's descendants are the only true Caliphs/leaders
New Testament (Christianity): book of christianity's teachings and writings
Vedas: hyms, collections of teachings
Sultan (Islam): middle eastern muslim ruler
Right Speech: telling the truth, not stealing, slandering, or harsh words
Ghenghis Khan (Mongol): united mongol clans, incredibly harsh leader, began the invasion of China.
Kingdom of Sonhai: - Fertile region in west africa by the Niger river - Islam kingdom
Meritocracy (Han): jobs based on qualification instead of money and family.
Marco Polo (Mongol): traveler from europe who initiated trade with China
Right Mindfulness: fourfold, regard to body, feeling, mind, mental objects, awareness of one's deeds, words, and thoughts.
Brahman: single spiritual power that exists among all things, other gods and goddesses are used to explain one devine thing.
Asceticism: extreme self denial
Martyr (Christianity): a person who suffers or dies for his or her beliefs.
Destruction of the Temple (Judaism): It was built and destroyed many times, and there is only a wall left of it today
Hijra (Islam): migration of Muhammad and his followers to Medina while they were being persecuted
Kublai Khan (Mongol): Grandson of Ghenghis Khan, finished to invasion of china.
Right Thoughts: threefold, the thoughts of renunciation which are opposed to pleasuring senses, kind thoughts are opposed to ill will, thoughts of harmlessness instead of cruelty.
Abraham (Judaism): the first jew, lead his family to Caanan
Civil Service System (Han): equalize government men would take tests to assure qualification vs. family influence.
Song: 960-1279 AD Known for artistic achievements.
Five Relationships (Confucianism): ruler to subject, parent to child, husband to wife, elder brother to younger brother, and friend to friend.
Dynastic Cycle (Zhou): rise and fall of Chinese Dynasties accoding to the Mandate of Heaven
Pax Mongolia (Mongol): period of peace under mongols 1200's- 1300's
Kingdom of Mali: West african trading empire located in present day Mali
Sunni (Islam): group of muslims, believed that any member could lead islam by a majority decision.
Dharma: religious and moral duties of an individual
Yin and Yang (Confucianism): balance
Kingdom of Ghana: West African trading kingdom located in present day Mauritania and Mali
Ahimsa: the moral of nonviolence
SuZy Q HaS ToeS: Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song
Reincarnation: rebirth of the soul in another bodily form
Sharia (Islam): body of laaw that includes interpretation of the Koran and Muhhammad's teachings
Minaret (Islam): features of Muslim mosque architecture, onion shaped crowns on tall spires
Torah (Judaism): holy text comprised of 5 books
Kaaba (Islam): cube part of the Hajj pilgrimage, mosque built around it, muslims circle counter clockwise a few times.
Peter (Christianity): established christianity in the city of Rome itself.
Qing: - 1600's-1900's
Mandate of Heaven (Zhou): a way of justifying rebellion against previous rulers, the new ruler has the divine right to rule.
Mecca (Islam): pilgrimage, most sacred site in Islam, Muhammad conquered and destroyed idols.
Mauryan Empire: - 321 BC-185 BC - Founded by Chandragupta - Organized bureaucracy - Gained power in the Ganges valley and northern India
Sui: - Legalist - Harsh rule
Apostles (Christianity): leaders or teachers of a new faith or movement
Axum: - Southeast Nubia - Trade state - Gold markets - Ivory trade - Animal hide trade
Sikhism: - Compromise of Hinduism and Islam - Allows Idol worship - No caste system - Promotes unity of g-d
Manchus (Qing): migrants from regions north of china
Legalism (Qin): power in strength not virtue, harsh punishments, all power in one leader.
Monotheistic (Sumer): one hold being
Atman: each persons essential self.
Four Noble Truths: As taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism.
Epic of Gilgamesh (Sumer): Mesopotamian narrative poem first told in sumer
Karma: all actions in a person's life that affect their fate in their next life.
Warlords (Sui): local military ruler
Right Effort: fourfold, endeavor to discard evil that has risen, endeavor to prevent evil, endeavor to develop good, endeavor to promote a good.
Sumer: - Site of the world's first civilization - Southeastern mesopotamia
Moksha: Union with Brahman, after reincarnation cycle completed.
Covenant (Judaism): relationship between one and g-d
Great Wall of China (Qin): built under Qin, provided border and some protection.
Han: - Emperor Gao Zu - Eased taxes - Wudi was a famous emperor
Benin: Forest kingdom Guinea coast
Caliph (Islam): leader, successor of Muhammad
Eightfold Path: As taught by the Buddha, the path one must follow to achieve Nirvana.
Shi Huangdi (Qin): leader of Qin Dynasty
5 Pillars (Islam): Shahadah- profession of faith Salat- ritual prayer Zakat- alms giving(charity) Siyam- fasting during Ramadan Hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca
Babylonian Captivity (Judaism): when the babylonian armies captured Juda, they also forced many of the defeated jews into exhile.
Hammurabi's Code (Sumer): first set of laws, an eye for an eye
Right Livelihood: trades that are prohibited, deadly weapons, animals for slaughter, slaves, intoxicants, poisons
Daoism: - Also known as Taoism - Teaches harmony with nature - Founded by confucius - Do only what is absolutely neccesary
Umayyads (Islam): muslim dynasty, expanded muslim empire across middle east, sunni caliphs, arab rule
Cuneiform (Sumer): ancient middle east system of writing using wedge shaped marks
Muhammad (Islam): last prophet, founder of Islam, "perfected" g-ds message
Gupta Empire: - Strong centralized government - United much of India - Promoted peace and prosperity - Golden Age 320-540 AD
Pope (Christianity): head of the Roman Catholic Church in ancient Rome, bishop of Rome who claimed authority over all other bishops
Delhi Sultanate: - 1100's - Forces entered with cavalry - Introduced Islam - Increased trade
Nubia: Ancient kingdom in northeastern Africa also called Kush
Diaspora (Judaism): spreading out of jewish people
Quran (Islam): Islamic holy text
Right Meditation: gradual process of training the mind to focus on a single object with constant focus only on that object. Helps develop a calm concentrated mind and prepare of Enlightenment.
Mosque (Islam): building where muslims worship
Qianlong's letter to George III (Qing): letter from Qing leader to George III, england must declare china's supremacy or trade would end.
Mesopotamia: Region within the fertile crescent that lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Ming: - 1368-1644 - Chinese rule was restored - Adopted confucianism
Mansa Musa (Mali): came to Mali throne in 1312, expanded Mali's borders, converted to Islam, promoted peace, pilgrimaged to mecca with A GREAT DEAL of gold.
Silk Road (Han): trade route throughout China
Right Action: no steeling, killing, lack of chastity
Zimbabwe: Capital of trade 1300, Many gould resources, trade
Solomon (Judaism): son of david, turned Jerusalem into a capital, built the temple.
Ten Commandments (Judaism): rules on how to live your life
Moses (Judaism): led the people out of Egypt, received the 10 commandments
Qin: - Began China's classical age - Cultural advances
David (Judaism): strong and wise, second king of Israel, united all of the tribes into one.
Tang: - 618-907 - Tributary states - Bureaucracy
Caste System: Hindu classification of social groups, defined by birth and determining job, marriages, etc. Brahmin (priests) Kshatriyas (warriors) Vaisyas (merchants and bureacrats) Shudras (menial workers.) Untouchables (lepers)
Zhou: - 1122-256 BC - Established a feudal state
Sundiata (Mali): son of King of Ghana, rose to rule Kingdom of Mali crushed enemies and won control of gold trade routes.
Trans-Saharan Trade: Trade of salt and gold on the Sharan trade route.
Right Understanding: knowledge of Four Noble Truths. The understanding of who one truly is.

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