history vocab midyear
Terms
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- fertile crescent/Mesopotamia
- a belt of civilized settlements reaching from lower Mesopotamia across Syria, Lebanon, and Israel and into Egypt.
- Legalism
- A Chinese philosophy of government emphasizing strong authority.
- *Ramses II
- king of egypt who built many monuments
- barter economy
- system in which one set of goods or services is exchanged for another
- plebians
- The common people of ancient Rome.
- *Hatshepsut
- the woman who made everyone think she is a king but she was a woman(had false beard and made people build structures of her but with the beard)
- nirvana
- The Buddhist equivalent of the Hindu moksha; the final liberation from suffering and reincarnation.
- veto
- vote against
- *Aristotle
- Greek philosopher and scientist. He was among the most influential of philosophers in Western history
- Egyptian/ Sumerian Religion
- the ancient and now extinct language of Egypt under the Pharaohs
- Sanskrit
- The sacred language of ancient India; came originally from the Aryans.
- feudalism
- a system where poor people are bound to work for rich landowners
- atman
- the soul
- *Moses
- lead the Israelites from slavery in Egypt
- Shang Dynasty
- The first historical rulers of China; ruled form c. 1500 to c. 1100 BCE.
- Hitties*
- An indo- European people who were prominent in the near east around 1200 BCE
- brahman
- The title of the impersonal spirit responsible for all creation in Hindu theology.
- Akhenaton
- king of Egypt who rejected the old gods and initiated a monotheistic worship of the sun-god Aton
- untouchables
- the class below all the castes
- autocracy
- government in which one person possesses unlimited power
- *Philip
- led others to jesus
- artifact
- an old, ancient object made by hand and used for a sciencific purpose
- covenant
- (Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return
- archaeologist
- the study of cultures through the examination of artifacts.
- senate
- assembly possessing high legislative powers
- dynastic cycle
- the pattern of the rise and fall of dynasties
- Neanderthal Man*
- A species of Homo sapiens flourishing between 100,000 and 30,000 years ago and that mysteriously died out; the name comes for mthe Greman valley where the first remains were found.
- *Augustus
- Caeser's adopted son, first emperor of Romae, began roman empire
- cultural diffusion
- spread of cultural traits from one group to another
- 8 fold Path
- The way to Nirvana and escape from Duhka.
- New Stone Age/Neolithic
- The period of human prehistory that lasted from 12,000 years ago to about 6,000 years ago, during which people still depended mainly on stone tools and began experimenting with agriculture
- reincarnation
- embodiment in a new form (especially the reappearance or a person in another form)
- mummification
- embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy
- Daoism
- A nature- oriented philosophy/ religion of China.
- theocracy
- the rule by gods or their priests.
- *Herodotus
- Greek historian; known as the "father of history". Observed the Persian Wars.
- *Chandragupta Maurya
- He formed the Empire of Maurya, and ruled according to the Arthashastra
- Agricultural Revolution
- the subsitution of farming for hunting gathering as the primary source of food by a given people.
- Mandate of Heaven
- A theory of rule originated by the Zhou Dynasty in China emphasizing the connection between imperial government's rectitude and its right to govern
- monsoon
- rainy season in southern Asia when the southwestern monsoon blows, bringing heavy rains
- empire
- a group of countries under a single authority
- 4 Noble Truths
- Core of Buddha's doctrine; all life involves suffering, desire is the cause of suffering, elimination of desire brings the end to suffering, and disciplined life conducted in accordance with the Eightfold Path brings elimination of desire
- JAINISM- green sheet
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- Abraham
- Founder of Judaism who, according to the Bible, led his family from Ur to Canaan in obedience to God's command.
- tyrant
- any person who exercises power in a cruel way
- monotheistic
- belief in one god
- democracy
- A system of government in which the majority of voters decides issues and policy.
- *Solon
- founder of athenian greatness, forbid slavery of free athenians
- geography
- study of the earth's surface, climate, continents, etc.
- B.C./A.D. B.C.E./C.E
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