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history vocab midyear

Terms

undefined, object
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fertile crescent/Mesopotamia
a belt of civilized settlements reaching from lower Mesopotamia across Syria, Lebanon, and Israel and into Egypt.
Legalism
A Chinese philosophy of government emphasizing strong authority.
*Ramses II
king of egypt who built many monuments
barter economy
system in which one set of goods or services is exchanged for another
plebians
The common people of ancient Rome.
*Hatshepsut
the woman who made everyone think she is a king but she was a woman(had false beard and made people build structures of her but with the beard)
nirvana
The Buddhist equivalent of the Hindu moksha; the final liberation from suffering and reincarnation.
veto
vote against
*Aristotle
Greek philosopher and scientist. He was among the most influential of philosophers in Western history
Egyptian/ Sumerian Religion
the ancient and now extinct language of Egypt under the Pharaohs
Sanskrit
The sacred language of ancient India; came originally from the Aryans.
feudalism
a system where poor people are bound to work for rich landowners
atman
the soul
*Moses
lead the Israelites from slavery in Egypt
Shang Dynasty
The first historical rulers of China; ruled form c. 1500 to c. 1100 BCE.
Hitties*
An indo- European people who were prominent in the near east around 1200 BCE
brahman
The title of the impersonal spirit responsible for all creation in Hindu theology.
Akhenaton
king of Egypt who rejected the old gods and initiated a monotheistic worship of the sun-god Aton
untouchables
the class below all the castes
autocracy
government in which one person possesses unlimited power
*Philip
led others to jesus
artifact
an old, ancient object made by hand and used for a sciencific purpose
covenant
(Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return
archaeologist
the study of cultures through the examination of artifacts.
senate
assembly possessing high legislative powers
dynastic cycle
the pattern of the rise and fall of dynasties
Neanderthal Man*
A species of Homo sapiens flourishing between 100,000 and 30,000 years ago and that mysteriously died out; the name comes for mthe Greman valley where the first remains were found.
*Augustus
Caeser's adopted son, first emperor of Romae, began roman empire
cultural diffusion
spread of cultural traits from one group to another
8 fold Path
The way to Nirvana and escape from Duhka.
New Stone Age/Neolithic
The period of human prehistory that lasted from 12,000 years ago to about 6,000 years ago, during which people still depended mainly on stone tools and began experimenting with agriculture
reincarnation
embodiment in a new form (especially the reappearance or a person in another form)
mummification
embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy
Daoism
A nature- oriented philosophy/ religion of China.
theocracy
the rule by gods or their priests.
*Herodotus
Greek historian; known as the "father of history". Observed the Persian Wars.
*Chandragupta Maurya
He formed the Empire of Maurya, and ruled according to the Arthashastra
Agricultural Revolution
the subsitution of farming for hunting gathering as the primary source of food by a given people.
Mandate of Heaven
A theory of rule originated by the Zhou Dynasty in China emphasizing the connection between imperial government's rectitude and its right to govern
monsoon
rainy season in southern Asia when the southwestern monsoon blows, bringing heavy rains
empire
a group of countries under a single authority
4 Noble Truths
Core of Buddha's doctrine; all life involves suffering, desire is the cause of suffering, elimination of desire brings the end to suffering, and disciplined life conducted in accordance with the Eightfold Path brings elimination of desire
JAINISM- green sheet
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Abraham
Founder of Judaism who, according to the Bible, led his family from Ur to Canaan in obedience to God's command.
tyrant
any person who exercises power in a cruel way
monotheistic
belief in one god
democracy
A system of government in which the majority of voters decides issues and policy.
*Solon
founder of athenian greatness, forbid slavery of free athenians
geography
study of the earth's surface, climate, continents, etc.
B.C./A.D. B.C.E./C.E
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