Dissociative Disorders
Chapter 6
Terms
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- Explanations of Diss. Disorders - Self-Hypnosis
- sleeplike state where they are highly suggestible, can forget facts too
- 3 kinds of relationships between subpersonalities
- mutually amnesic (no awareness of each other), mutually cognizant (each well aware of rest) one-way amnesic (most common, some are aware but awareness not mutual)
- Dissociative Disorder
- memory loss and identity change almost entirely due to psychosocial factors rather than physical
- Differences in subpersonalities - vital statictics
- subpersonalities may differ in features as age, sex, race, and family history
- 3 Ways subpersonalities differ
- vital statistics, abilities and preferences, and physiological responses
- When Dissociative Fugue happens and ends
- after stressful event and ends suddenly
- Mutually cognizant relationship in subpersonalities
- each is well aware of rest
- Treatment of Diss. Amnesia & Fugue - Hypnotic
- hypnotize patients and then guide them to recall events forgotten
- MPD is more common among
- more common among women than men (three times more)
- Differences in subpersonalities - abilities and preferences
- have different abilities including handwriting, language
- Continuous dissociative amnesia
- forgetting continues into present
- The three kinds of dissociative disorder
- Dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue, and dissociative identity disorder
- The key in dissociative disorder
- Memory
- Dissociative amnesia
- the inability to recall important personal events and information (upsetting)
- Treatment of Diss. Amnesia & Fugue - Drug Therapy
- barbiturates, sometimes called truth serems. Do not always work, usually combine with other forms of treatment
- one-way amnesic relationship in subpersonalities
- most common - some are aware, but awareness not mutual
- Treatment of Diss. Identity Disorder aka Multiple Personality Disorder
- **usually do not recover without treatment** 1. help recognize nature of disorder, 2. recover gaps in memory, 3. integrate personalities
- Treatment of Diss. Identity Disorder (MPD) how theapists help recover gaps in memory
- pscyhodynamic therapy, hypotherapy, and drugs.
- Dissociative Fugue
- Forgets past, and travels to new location, may assume new identity
- Explanataions of Diss. Disorders - Psychodynamic
- caused by pression (most common defence mechanism) - Dissoc. amnesia and fugue are single episodes, diss. identity disorder is lifetime of repression
- Four types of dissociative amnesia
- Localized, selective, generalized, and continuous
- Localized dissociative amnesia
- the most common type. they lose ALL memory of events that took place within a limited period of time (usually starting with event)
- Examples of when dissociative amnesia occurs
- in war, natural diasters, childhood abuse (sexual), death, or guilt over actions
- Iatrogenic
- produced by practioners (by hypnosis or suggestion)
- Differences in subpersonalities - physiological responses
- autonomic nervous system differences such as blood pressure, allergies, brain patterns
- Explanations of Diss. Disorders - State-Dependant Learning
- If people learn something when they are in the situation, they will remember it again in that situation (learning under alchol, will remember strongest under alcohol)
- Self-Hypnosis - how diss. amnesia may occur
- people hypnotise themselves to forget events
- Mutually Amnesic Relationship in subpersonalities
- have no awareness of one another
- Treatment of Diss. Identity Disorder (MPD) how therapists try to reconigze nature of disorder
- to bond with main personality. Some introduce to each other
- Treatment of Diss. Identity Disorder (MPD) how therapists integrate subpersonalities into one
- Fusion - the final merging. Approaches to do this - psychodynamic, supportive, cognitive, drug therapy. Future therapy needed to maintain
- Treatment of Diss. Amnesia & Fugue - Psychodynamic
- guide patients to search unconsciousness
- Generalized dissociative amnesia
- Cannot remember recent events, or those earlier in life
- Self-Hypnosis - how diss. fugue occurs
- if amnesia covers ALL memories of person's past and identity
- What may occur with dissociative amnesia and fugue (as far as treatment)
- usually they recover themselves
- Dissociative Identity Disorder aka Multiple Personality Disorder
- two or more separate identities that may or may not be aware or each other's thought, feelings, or behavior
- Selective dissociative amnesia
- the 2nd most common form. The person remembers some, but not all events during the period of time
- When DID or MPD occurs
- in late adolescence or early adulthood. In childhood, usually before 5 when sexual abuse occurs
- Explanations of Diss. Disorders - Behavioral
- the response is learned by operant conditioning and an escape behavior