test3-5stuff
Terms
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- Myelination of the spinal cord becomes complete & voluntary control over excretory functions can be achieved by when?
- 2nd year
- GI structural defects may result in
-
- atresia
- malposition
- nonclosure
- other abnormalities - Structural Defects of GI may involve one or more areas of the GI tract and occur when growth & development of fetal structures are interrupted during
- the 1st trimester
-
Gastrointestinal Disorders Structural Defects
Cleft lip & cleft palate more common in ... - Native Americans & Asians than whites & less common in African-Americans
- Cleft lip w or w/o cleft palate results when ...
- the maxillary processes fail to fuse w/the elevations on the frontal prominence during the 6th wk of gestation
-
Cleft lip/cleft palate -
Fusion of upper lip is usually complete by the ? week, fusion of secondary palate occurs between _____ wks of gestation? -
7
5-12 - Intrauterine development of the hard & soft palates is completed in the
- 1st trimester
- Congenital defects such as tracheoesophageal fistula, omphalocele, trisomy 12, & skeletal dysplasias are associated w/cleft lip & palate in ?% of cases
- 20-30
- Most GI problems in kids produce short-term sx that interfere
- w/nutrition & fluid balance only for a brief period of time
- Some disorders or severe GI defects cause complications that prevent optimal ? and adequate ?
-
nutrition
growth - GI problems can be a product of
-
- congenital defects
- acquired disease
- infection
- injury - The GI system is _____ at birth
- immature
- Absorption & excretion do not start until after birth because
- the placenta provides nutrients & removes waste
- Voluntary control over swallowing does not occur until around ? wks of age
- 6
- Infants have a deficiency of several enzymes - name some
-
- Amylase - digests CHOH
- Lipase - enhances fat absorption
- Trypsin - catabolizes protein into polypeptides & some a.a. - Amylase, Lipase, Trypsin are usually not present until ? months
- 4 - 6
- Liver function is immature and many processes remain immature for ?
- One year
- By ? yr digestive processes are fairly complete
- 2nd
- - Stomach capacity inc to allow a 3 meals/day feeding schedule by when ?
- 2nd year
- Incidence of cleft lip & palate has decreased since ? has been added to breads & cereals
- folate
- Cleft lip usually repaired by what age?
- 2-3 m
- Timing of repair of cleft palate depends on size & severity of cleft; most repairs are done at about
- 18 m
- Esophageal atresia is a malformation that results from
- failure of the esophagus to develop as a continuous tube during the 4th & 5th wks of gestation
- In esophageal atresia the _____ fails to length, separate, & fuse into two parallel tubes (the esophagus & trachea)
- foregut
- Esophageal atresia & tracheoesophageal fistula - sx in the newborn include
-
- excessive salivation & drooling
- often with cyanosis
- often with choking
- often with coughing
- often with sneezing
- during feeding the infant returns fluid through the nose & mouth - Pyloric Stenosis
-
- A hypertrophic obstruction of the circular muscle o the pyloric canal
- Common (3 in 100) & most often affects 1st-born male infants
- Cause
* Unknown, but there is usu a family hx - Pyloric stenosis, results in stenosis of the
-
passage between the stomach & duodenum, partially obstructing the lumen of the stomach
* Lumen becomes inflamed & edematous & narrows the obstruction until the obstruction becomes complete; this is when vomiting becomes more forceful