Ch. 33 Deuterostome Animals
Terms
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- 3 Phyla of Deuterostomes
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-Echinodermata (sea stars + sea urchins)
-Hemichordata (acorn worms: deposit/suspension feeders)
-Chordata (vertebrates) - Vertebrates
- Animals that have a skull
- Water Vascular system
- A system of fluid filled tubes and chambers in echinoderms. Functions as a hydrostatic skeleton.
- Tube Feet
- Small mobile, fluid-filled extensions of the water vascular system of echinoderms. Used in locomotion.
- Podia
- The part of the tube foot of an echinoderm that extends outside of the body and makes contact with the substrate
- Pharyngeal gill slits
- A set of parallel openings from the throat through the neck to the outside. One of the diagnostic traits of chordates.
- Notochord
- A long, gelatinous, supportive rod down the back of a chordate embryo, below the developing spinal chord. Replaced by vertebrae in adult vertebrates. A defining feature of chordates.
- Dorsal Hollow Nerve Chord
- A bundle of nerves extending fromt he brain along the dorsal side of a chordate animal, with cerebrosipinal fluid inside a hollow central channel. One of the defining features of chordates.
- 3 Major Lineages of Chordates
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-Urochordates: small suspension feeders that live atached to hard substrates in the ocean as adults
-Cephalochordates: small mobile suspension feeders
-Vertebrates: sharks, bony fish, reptiles, mammals - Somites
- A block of mesoderm on both sides of the developing spinal cord in a vertebrate embryo. Gives rise to muscle tissue, vertebrae, ribs, limbs...
- Amniota
- Lineage of vertebrates that includes all tetrapods other than amphibians
- Amniotic egg
- Egg that has a watertight shell or case enclosing a membrane-bound food supply, water supply, waste repository. Gave vertebrates ability to reproduce away from H20
- Gill Arches
- Curved regions of tissue between the gills. Hypothesized that mutations in these led to formation of jaw
- Pharyngeal Jaw
- Modified gill arches that function as a second set of jaws, located in the back of the mouth. Make food processing particularly efficient.
- Albumen
- A solution of wate and protein (particularly albumins), found in amniotic eggs, that nourish the growing embryo. (Egg white)
- Amnion
- Protective inner membrane in which embryo of amniotic egg is enveloped
- Yolk Sac
- membranous pouch that contains nutrients for growing embryo
- Allantois
- membranous pouch that holds waste material in amniotic egg
- Chorion
- middle membrane that separates amnion, yolk sac, allantois from albumen + provides surface where gas exchange can take place between embryo and surrounding air
- Amniotic Egg Picture
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see pic - Placenta
- organ rich in blood vessels that facilitates flow of oxygen and nutrients form mother to developing offspring.