chemotherapeutic agens and antibiotics
Terms
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- Modes of Action
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Either by directly killing microorganisms (bactericidal) or by inhibiting their growth (bacteriostatic)
Pcn- inhibit cell wall synthesis in bacteria.
Other agents chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracyclines, and streptomycin, inhibit protein synthesis by acting on 70Sribosomes.
Polymyxin b cause injury to plasma membranes.
Rifampin and the quinolones inhibit nucleic acid synthesis.
Agents such as sulfanilamide act as antimetabolites by competitively inhibiting enzyme activity. -
Antiviral Agents
Amantadine- - blocks the penetration or uncoatingof influenza A virus.
- Acyclovir-AZT, ddl and ddC
- Inhibit DNA or RNA synthesis
- Nevirapine(viral enzymes)
- inhibits reverse trnascriptase and protease inhibitors which block an HIV enzyme.
- Xenografts
- Subject to hyperacute rejection
- Alpha-interferons`
- Inhibit spread of viruses to new cells.
- Nystatin & amphotericin B
- combine with plasma membrane sterols are fungicidal
- Imadzoles&trizoles
- interfere with sterol synthesis and used to treat cutaneous and systemic mycoses.
- Griseofulvin
- interferes with eucaryotic cell division an dis used to treak skin infections caused by skin infedctions caused by fungi.
- Flucytosine
- Antimetabolite of Cytosine.
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Antiparsitic Agents
Chloroquine, quinacrine, dilodohdroxquin, pentamidine, metronidazole - Used to treat aprotozoan infections.
- Niclosamide, mebendazole, praziquantel,piperazine
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Antihelminthic drugs
Mebendazole disrupts microtubules-pyantel pamoate, paralyzes intestinal roundworms. - Antibiotics- Pencillin and others
- Pencillin-effective against gram positive cocci & spirochetes.