Hormones in Biochemistry USMLE Step 1
Terms
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- Hormones dived into?
-
Water soluble
Lipid Soluble - Water solubles have receptor where?
- Membrane Receptor
- WHere is the receptor in lipid soluble hormones?
- Inside the cell
- What hormones require phosphorylation?
- Water Soluble
- How is gene expression controlled in Water Soluble?
- cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein
- What proteins are used in Water Soluble Hormones?
- Leucine Zipper
- What protein is used for Lipid Soluble Hormones?
- Zinc Finger Protein
- What are the water soluble hormones?
-
Insulin
Glucagon
Catecholamines (NE, EPi) - What are examples of lipid soluble?
-
Steroids
Calcitriol ---> Vit D.
Thyroxines (thinks is steroid)
Retinoic Acid ----> Vit A. - What do you think of with watersoluble hormones?
-
Male
Receptor Outside (penis)
Zipper (Leucine Zipper) - WHat do you think of with Lipid Soluble hormones?
-
Female
Receptor Inside
Zinc Finger Protein - What receptors use Glucagon and Epinephrine?
- cAMP pathway
- What are all the messenger involved in cAMP?
-
Gs Adenylate Cyclase ----> Protein Kinase
Gi alpha2 beta2 2MAD - What are pathway is used in Vasopressin and Epinephrine (alpha 1)?
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PIP2
PIMP - Gq involves?
-
HAMMV (hummer)
Gq magazine
Think C or K
Phospholipase C
Protein kinase C
DAG, IP3, Ca+ - What pathway does Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) and Nitric Oxide (NO) use?
- cGMP
- What pathway does Insulin use?
-
INsulin, growth factors
via Tyrosine Kinase - What do you see in the PIMP system? (PIP2)
-
Gq magazine
Cicis.... C C C
Phospholipase C
Protein Kinase C
Ca+ - Who activates the Ca+ release in the Endoplasmic Reticulum E.R.?
- IP3 activates Ca+ release
- What does Ca+ activates what in the PIP2 system?
- Protein Kinase C
- What membrane enzyme is used in the ANF or NO?
- Guanylate Cyclase
- If you want to...
- Use Guanylate Cyclase
- Guanylate cyclase activates what?
-
cGMP
G is nice to get some.... - cGMP activates what?
- Protein Kinase G
- What does Protein Kinase G do?
-
Relaxes Smooth Muscle
Relax and ENjoy the RIDE! - Where is nitrous oxide found?
- Heme membrane
- HOw does insulin activate hormone receptors?
- Via Tyrosine Kinase
- WHat do you find in the membrane for Insulin?
-
Two beta subunits
cross membrane
2 membrane helix span
unlike ANF that has 1 membrane helix span - What is unique about the cAMP and PIP2 system?
- THey both have a 7 membrane helix span receptor
- What enzyme of the hormone receptor has only 1 membrane span?
-
ANF
guanylate cyclase - What hormone receptor has 2 membrane helix span?
-
INsulin
Tyrosine Kinase - Where does Nitrous Oxide (NO) come from? a.a.?
- Arginine
- What are some drugs that increase NO?
-
nitroprusside
Nitroglycerine
Isosorbide dinitrate
Viagra (Sildenafil)
Agina - Where is glut 4 found?
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Adipose
Muscle
Not Liver Glut-1 - What happens if there is a mutation that increases G protein?
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Oncogenic
activation of ras (p21 monomeric)
gsp (G2 alpha) - What is involved in the p21ras oncogene?
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Colon
Lung
Breast
Bladder
ALL TUMORS!!!
liked to Tyrosine Kinase
G protein!!! - WHat is the mechanism for glucocorticods to cause DM?
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They increase PEPCK activity via response elements causing increase gluconeogenesis
increase in glucose---> DM
via Zinc Finger Proteins - Which enzyme does Insulin activate in glucose related metabolism?
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Glycogen Synthase
glucose is stored
glycogen is made
you are in a well-fed state
just ate - Which enzyme is activated when glucagon is present?
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Glycogen Phosphorylase is activated
degrages glycogen ---> glucose
increase the release of glucose
you are starving