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Knowledge Bowl Anatomy

Terms

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Cranium
Bones on top of the head
Zygoma
Cheekbone
Maxill
Upper jaw
Mandible
Lower jaw
Clavicle
Collarbone
Scapula
Shoulder blade
Sternum
Breastbone
Vertebrae
Spinal column bones
Coccyx
Tailbone
Femur
Thigh bone
Tibia
Shinbone
Patella
Kneecap
Carpi
Wrist bones
Phalanges
Finger/toe bones
Tarsi
Ankle bones
Buccal
Related to the mouth
Dorsal
Related to the back
Lingual
Related to the tongue
Nephritic
Related to the kidneys
Ossiferous
Related to the bone
Otic
Related to the ear
Pectoral
Related to the chest/abdomen
Renal
Related to the kidneys
Tarsal
Related to the foot/ankle
Ventral
Related to the belly
Adam's apple
Protuberance formed by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx
Ailmentary canal
Long tube in teh human body through which food passes and is digested
Aorta
Longest and largest artery. Carries blood from the heart
Bile (gall)
Greenish-yellow substance produced by the liver that aids digestion in the duodenum
Endocrine gland
Releases hormones directly into the bloodstream
Exocrine gland
Releases its chemicals through a duct into a nearby organ
Larynx
Voice box that holds the 2 bands of cartilage called the vocal chords
Periosteum
Tough membrane containing bone-forming cells and blood vessels
Plasma
Liquid part of blood
Semicircular canal
Any of the 3 curved tubes in the inner ear responsible for the sense of balance.
Tendon
Tough fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone (except in heart).
Villi
Fingerlike projections in the small intestine that add to its absorptive surface
White blood cells (leukocytes)
Cells helping the body fight disease.
Pulp; dentin; enamel
Innermost layer of tooth; Hard yellow substance surrounding the pulp; The body's hardest substance, covers the dentin
4 types of teeth
Incisors (main teeth used to bite, canines/cuspids (used to tear off pieces of food), premolars/bicuspids (teeth with 2 pts, grind and crush food, between molars and canines), molars (back teeth that grind food)
Milk/Deciduous teeth
Teeth that fall out early on and are replaced by permanent teeth.
3 little bones of middle ear: English and Latin
Hammer (malleus), anvil (incus), stirrup (stapes)
Eustachian tube; eardrum (tympanic membrane); cochlea
Narrow canal connecting pharynx to middle ear; thin membrane separating middle from outer ear; spiral shaped cavity of the inner ear (Latin for snail)
4 human leg bones
femur (thigh bone- longest and strongest bone in body), patella (kneecap), fibula, tibia (shinbone)
3 human foot bones and quantity
Tarsals (anklebones: 7), metatarsals (instep bones: 5), phalanges (toe bones: 14)
3 bones in human hand/ number
carpals (wrist bones: 8), metacarpals (palm bones: 5), phalanges (5)
3 bones of human arm (all meet at elbow)
Humerus (upper arm), ulna, radius (lower arm)
3 types of muscle
skeletal (attached to bones), smooth (involuntary mvmt), cardiac (only in heart)
5 excretory organs (SKILL)
skin, kidneys, intestines, liver, lungs
5 largest organs
skin, liver, brain, lungs, heart
Sclera (sclerotica), conjunctiva, iris, pupil, cornea, retina, vetreous humor, lens
Tough 'white' fibrous outer membrane covering most of eyeball, holding shape. Membrane covering sclera Round, pigmented- around pupil, behind cornea Circular opening in iris Transparent tissue making outer part of eyeball, covering iris/pupil Light-sensitive membrane lining inner eyeball turning visual into electrical signals. Clear substance inside eyeball Transparent part between iris and vitreous humor focusing light rays on retina.
3 parts of small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Nephron, urea, ureter
Small filtering units of kidneys; Nitrogen waste filtered out of blood; Duct carrying urine from kidney to bladder
# of bones/#of permanent teeth
206, 32
MMR vaccines
Measles, mumps, rubella
DPT
diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus (lockjaw)
Mononucleosis, hemophilia, tuberculosis nicknames
"kissing" disease, "Royal" disease (blood doesn't clot normally, hereditary), "consumption
Blood types ,least to most common
AB, B, A, O
4 parts of blood
Plasma (fluid), red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), platelets
Cerebrum; cerebellum; brain stem (3 main brain divisions)
Biggest part, center of thinking/feeling; balance/coordination; connects cerebrum to spinal chord
Pituitary
Master gland, at base of the brain. Releases hormones, including HGH (human growth hormone).
4 chambers of heart
Right and left atrium (auricle, on top), right and left ventricle (bottom)
Larynx; trachea; halitosis
Voice box, windpipe, bad breath
Parts of ailmentary canal
Esophagus (food tube, pharynx to stomach), small intestine (absorbs nutrients), large intestine (from ileum to rectum)
5 most common elements in body
O, C, H, N, Ca
Adrenal gland
Releases adrenaline (epinephrine) to stimulate "fight or flight" response.

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