Book (Tortera) Ch 3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Identify each of 3 Loose Connective tissue type by sight
- Areolar, Fat, Reticular
- -found in subcutaneous layer (under skin)
- Areolar
-
-found anywhere Areolar cells are found
-protects, store energy, insulates - Fat
- -forms supporting structure, or stroma, or many organs
- Reticular
- Identify each of 3 Dense Connective tissue type by sight. How is this special?
-
Dense Regular
Dense Irregular
Elastic
-these contain more & thicker fibers spread densely among cells -
-found in tendons & ligaments
-can withstand tension along axis of fiber - Dense Regular
-
-found in sheets underneath the eperdermis (skin)
-can withstand pulling forces - Dense Irregular
-
-found in lungs & elastic arteries
-can recoil after stretching - Elastic
- Book description of :Areolar connective tissue
-
= collagen fiber + elastic fiber + reticular fiber + & several kinds of cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, plasma cell, adipocytes & mast ells) embedded in semifluid ground subsance
-located right under skin, - Book description of :Adipose connective tissue
-
adipocytes (specialized in storing trilycerides (fats)
-around heart & kidney - Book description of :Reticular connective tissue
-
= reticular cells + reticular fibers
*reticular means deeper region
-stroma (supporting framework) of liver, spleen, lymph nodes,
-forms stroma of organs, bind together smooth muscle tissue cells, filters & removes worn-out blood cells in spleen & microbes in lymph nodes - Book description of :Dense Regular connective tissue
-
= collagen fibers in 'bundles' waves + fibrolasts in rows between bundles
-forms tendons (attach muscle to bone), ligaments (attach bone to bone)
(in picture) matrix looks shiny white!
-strong attachment between structures - Book description of :Dense Irregular connective tissue
- = mostly collagen fibers + (a few) fibroblasts
- Book description of :Elastic connective tissue
-
= freely branching elastic fibers + fibroblasts in between fibers
-located in organs that need to be stretched: lung, arteries, trachea, bronchial tubes, vocal cords, penis & vertebrae - Use carbonic dioxide & carbonic acid in soln as an example of equilibrium
- see chap 3 ?
- Connective tissue
-
-consist of cells & a matrix of ground substance & fibers
-ahs abundant matric w/few cells
-has neerve supply (except for cartilage) highly vascular (except for caratilage, tendons & ligaments)
-all cells are derived from mesnechymal cells - Connective tissue Cell types
-
1. fibroblasats
2 plasma cells - secrete antibodies
3 mast cells - produce hstamine
4 adipocytes - store fate
5 white blood cells - migrate from blood in response to infections - What makes up the matrix of connective tissue?
- gound substance (which supports & binds cells together, & provide a medium for exchange of materis) + fibers
- Endocrine glands
- -secrete hormones into blood
- Where are pseudostratified (ciliated) columnar epithelium found?
-
-lines upper respiratory
-contains goblet cells - Where are pseudostratified (non-ciliated) columnar epithelium found?
-
-lines ducts of many glands, male urethra
-no goblet cells - Where are simple ciliated simple columnar epithelium found?
- -found in parts of upper respiratory tract, where it moves foreign particle strapped in mucus our of hte resp tract
- Where are simple nonciliated simple columnar epithelium found?
-
-lines most of GI tract
-specialized cells contain icrovill for absorption
-goblet cells secrete mucus - Where are simple cuboidal epithelium found?
- -covers ovaries, kidneys, eyes, & lining of some glandular ducts
- What type of cell is Endothelium ?
-
Simple squamous
-lines the heart 7 blood vessels - Epithelial layers (study outline)
- Epithelium is aranged in sheets & all are attached to a basement membrane. Eepithelial layers czn be simple (1 layer), stgratigied (seeral layers) or psudostraaatified (1 layer that appears to be several) Cell shpes may e squamous (flat), cuboidal (square or cubelike) columnar (rectoangular) or tarnsitional.
- Cell Junctions
- tight junctions form fluid-tight zip-lock seals between cells. Gap junctions allow electrical & chemical signals to pass through.
- Types of tissues & their origins (study outline)
- Tissue = a group of cells that have similar embryological orgin 7 specialized for a specific function. thre are 4 types; epithelial, connctive, muscle & nervous.
- what substances are found in ground substance?
- water + polysaccharides (hylauronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, etc.)
- Collagen fibers
-
-are composed of collagen
-are found in large amounts in bone, tendons & ligaments - Elastic fibers
-
-found in skin, blood vessel walls & lungs
-made of elastin, fibrillin & other glycoprotein - Reticular fibers
-
- made of collagen + glycoprotein
-found around fat cells, nerve fibers & skeletal & smooth muscle cells - The 3 types of fibers found in matrix & their function
-
Collagen fibers
Elastic fibers
Reticular fibers - Where do mature connective tissue come from and what types are there?
- -loose or dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone tissue, blood tissue & lymph
- name 3 loose connective tissue
- Areolar connective, reticular connective & adipose
- what 3 fibers do areolar tissues consists of and where is it found?
- -found underneath the skin, in mucous membrane, around blood vessels, nerves & body organs
- what 3 fibers do reticular tissues consists of and where is it found?
-
reticular fibers + reticular cells
-in liver, spleen & lymph nodes - what fibers do adipose tissues consists of and where is it found?v
-
adipocytes
-found under skin, around organs & yellow bone marrow - what tissues do dense connective tissues consists of and where is it found?
-
dense regular
dense irregular
elastic - what tissues do dense regular connective tissues consists of and where is it found?
-
= parallel bundles of collagen fibes + fibroblasts
-forms tendons,ligaments aponeuroses - what tissues do dense irregular connective tissues consists of and where is it found?
-
= randomly arranged collagen fibes + few fibroblasts
-found in fascia, dermis of skn, membrane around organs - what tissues do elastic connective tissues consists of and where is it found?
-
= branching elastic fibers + fibroblasts
-foundi n large arteries, lungs, trachea & bronchial tubes - what tissues do cartilage tissues consists of and where is it found?
- Chondrocytes with a rubbery matrix (chondroitin sulfate) containing collagen & elastic fibers
- what tissues do elastic cartilage consists of and what is it for?
- elastic cartilage maintains shape of organs
- what tissues do bone tissue consists of and where is it found?
-
= a matrix of mineral salts + collagen fibers that make bones hard, osteocytes in lacunae
-functions to support, protects, helps movements, stores minerals _ houses blood-forming tissues - waht are found in blood tissues and what are its functions?
-
= blood plasma _ formed elements (rbc, wbc, patelets)
-function to transport oxygen + carbond dioxide, provide immunity + blood clotting - what tissues do epithelical membrane consists of and what're the diff types?
-
= a layer overlying a connective tissues
examples: mucuous, serous, cutaneous
Mucousse- line cavities that open to exterio, ex: GI tract
SErous - line closed caavities 9pleura, pericardium peritoneum) & over the organs in the cavities
Synovial membrane - line joint cavities, bursae, tendons shealths - constis of areolar connctive tissue instead of epithelium - What does mucous membrane line and what does it consist of?
- Mucus- line cavities that open to exterior, ex: GI tract
- What does serous membrane line and what does it consist of?
- Serous - line closed caavities 9pleura, pericardium peritoneum) & over the organs in the cavities
- What does synovial membrane line and what does it consist of?
- - line joint cavities, bursae, tendons shealths - consists of areolar connctive tissue instead of epithelium
- 3 components used to classify connective tissue
- cell, fibers, ground substance
- Connective tissue fibers arranged in bundles & give strength & flexibilty to a tissue
- collagen fibers
- the connective tissue responsible for secretign fibers + ground substance
- fibroblasts
- the membrane lining a body cavity that opens to the exterior
- mucous
- a single layer of flat cells, found where filtration (kidney) or diffusion (lungs) are important
- Simple squamous
- in superficial part of skin, provides protection from heat, microbe & chemicals
- keratinized (stratified squamous = a given!) epithelium
- -cube-shpaed cells, found i n kidney tha funciton in secretion & absoption
- simple cuboidal
- -lines upper respiratory tract & uterine tubes; wave like motion of cilia propel material through the lumen
- Ciliated (simple columnar = always + a given ) epithelium
- -found in urinary bladder, contains cells that can change shape (stretch/relax)
- transitional epithelium
-
-found in linings of digestive, reproductive & urinary tracts
-contains cells w/microvilli + goblet cesll, - nonciliated (simple columnar) epithelium
- what cells can be ciliated or nonciliated?
- simple columnar epithelium
-
-contains cells that are all attached to the basement membrane
-some do not reach the surface
-those that do secrete mucus or bear cilia at apical surface - pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
- a rare type that has mainly protective function
- stratified cuboidal epithelium
- the tissue/cells from which all other connective tissues come from
- mesenchyme
- connective tissues w/a clear liquid matrix that flows i n lymphatic vessels
- lymph
- connective tissues consisting of several kinds of cells, containing all 3 fiber types randomly arrangd, fundin subcutaneous layer of skin
- Areolar connective tissue
- a loose connective tissues for fat storage
- adipose tissues
- tissue w/irregularly arranged collagen fibers found in dermis of skin
- dense irregular connective tissue
- tissue found in lungs that's strong
- elastic connective tissue
- tissue that afford flexibility at joints & reduces joint friction
- hyaline cartilage
- tissue that provides strength & rigidity & is the strongest of the 3 types of cartilage
- fibrocartilage
- bundle of collagen arranged in parallel patterns, compose tendons & ligament
- dense regular
- tissue that contains reticular fibers & reticular cells & form stroma of certain organs (spleen)
- reticular connective
- tissue that forms internal framework of body
- bone
- connective w/formed elements suspended in a liquid matrix called plasma
- blood
- this cell junction allows epithelial cells in a tissue to communicate; enables nerve/muscle impulse to spread rapidly between cells
- gap junction
- this cell junction prevents organ contents from leaking into blood or surrounding tissues
- tight junction
- function of basement membrane
-
supports epithelium
-works as a filter in kidney - what's he most numerous connective tissue cells & what's its function?
-
fibroblasts (others are elastic, reticular & collagen)
-it secrets the fibers & ground substance of the matrix - what ground substance binds cells together, lubricates joints, hels maintain shape of eyeballs.
- hyaluronic acid
- what ground substance provides suport & adhesiveness in cartilage, bone, skin & blood vessels?
- Choindroitin sulfaate
- why do connectve tissues need fibers & what're the 3 types?
-
collagen, elastic & reticular
-collagen (colla = glue)
-often appears in bundles - tell me about the 2nd type of fiber & what it's good for.
- Elastic - smaller than collagen, composed of elastin, abundant in skin, blood vessel walls & lung tissue
- tell me about the rnd type of fiber & what it's good for.
-
REticular (reticul = net)
- consists of collagen arranged in fine bundles & glycoprotein coating
- much thinner than collagen fibers & form branching networks
-provides support like collagen
-abundant in reticular connective tissues
stroma = bed or covering - of many soft organs (spleen, lymph nodes
-also helps form basement membrane - another word for mesothelium or the most baic tpye of epithelium?
- simple squamous epithelium
- Latin meaning of words: serous/serosa
- serous = water
- Thsi gives you complete understanding of how things are names: convert simple squamous epithelium to ____________________
- simple squamous epithelium of blood vessels
- what cells line tubes?
- simple squamous & simple cuboidal
- How do you identify Transitional epithelium on picture?
-
1) the typically puffy surface cells.
2) many layers of cells - What tissue type surrounds a single blood capillary?
- simple squamous epithelium
- What tissue type lines blood vessel?
- simple squamous epithelium
- What tissue type is found at the skin?
- keratinized stratified squamous
- Where do nuclei of simple cuboidal line up: top or bottom?
- on the bottom, or basal edge
- which one is when the cells don't line up?
- psudostratified ciliated - all bec cells are differnet shapes & the nuclei don't line up?
- do goblet cells always come up to top?
- no
- what's a messy matrix w/mnny different types of fibers loosely arranged?
- Areolar
-
a matrix of lots of cells & reticular fibers
-fibrocytes hard to see - Reticular
- fibers are parallet, fibrocytes scattered
- dense regular
- Randomly arranged collagen fiber,
- dense irregular
- Main difference between loose & dense tissue
- fiber
- Main difference between
- organization
- Name 3 components of connective tissues
- biers, cells, ground substance
- Name 3 fiber types
- collagen, elastic, reticular
- Name cell types
-
1) fibroblasts - produce fiber
2) blood ( = rbc + wbc)
- is alos a connective tissue
-its ground substance is plasma - What tissue is lymphoid?
- reticular