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THE FINAL REVIEW

Terms

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Duodenal (brunner's) glands
Secretes alkaline fluid
helps neutralize gastric acids
Major division of L.I.
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Cecum
Ileocecal sphincter (valve)
Vermiform appendix
Colon
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anal canal
Anus
Ascending colon
Where is the R. colic (hepatic) flexure located?
Transverse colon
Where is the L. colic (splenic) flexure located?
Right colic (hepatic) flexure
The bend of the colon at the juncture of its ascending and transverse portions
Left colic (splenic) flexure
The bend at the junction of the transverse and descending colon
Illeocecal sphincter
an opening from the ileuminto the large intestine is guarded by fold of mucous membrane which allows materials from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine
Bile
a yellow, brownish, or green-olive liquid
partially excretory product and partially digestive secretion secreted by hepatocytes.
Bile canaliculi
Bile enter ____ ______, which are narrow intercellular canals that empty into small bile ductules.
Common hepatic duct
Joins cystic duct from gallbladder
Common bile duct
Joins pancreatic duct from pancreas
Glomerular filtrate
The fluid produced when blood is filtered by the filtration membrane in the glomeruloi of the kidney.
Tubular secretion
fluid flow along the tubule and through the collecting duct, the tubule and duct cells secrete other materials, such as wastes, drugs, and excess, ions, into the fluid.
removes substances from the blood
absorption
contrast to reabsorption
entry of new substances into the body, as occurs in the GI tract.
Reabsorption
refers to the return of filtered water and solutes to the bloodstream
Tubular reabsorption
fluid flow into renal tubule and through the collecting duct, tubue cells reabsorb 99% of filtered water and useful solutes. Water and solutes return to the blood as it flow through the peritubular capillaries and basa recta.
Glomerular filtration
first step of the urine production
water and most soluters in blood plasma move across the wall of glomerular calpillaries into the glomerulur capsule and then into the renal tubule
Urine formation
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
What are the regulations of internal environment (homeostasis)?
Water and solute concentrations
Blood pH
Removal of toxins
Regulation of internal environment (homeostasis)
What is the function of a nephron?
Juxtaglomerular appartus
helps regulate blood pressure within the kidneys.
formed by macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells
Macula densa
modified cells of distal portion of ascending limb of henle
columnar tubular cells in this region are crowded together

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