THE FINAL REVIEW
Terms
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- Duodenal (brunner's) glands
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Secretes alkaline fluid
helps neutralize gastric acids - Major division of L.I.
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Cecum
Colon
Rectum - Cecum
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Ileocecal sphincter (valve)
Vermiform appendix - Colon
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Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon - Rectum
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Anal canal
Anus - Ascending colon
- Where is the R. colic (hepatic) flexure located?
- Transverse colon
- Where is the L. colic (splenic) flexure located?
- Right colic (hepatic) flexure
- The bend of the colon at the juncture of its ascending and transverse portions
- Left colic (splenic) flexure
- The bend at the junction of the transverse and descending colon
- Illeocecal sphincter
- an opening from the ileuminto the large intestine is guarded by fold of mucous membrane which allows materials from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine
- Bile
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a yellow, brownish, or green-olive liquid
partially excretory product and partially digestive secretion secreted by hepatocytes. - Bile canaliculi
- Bile enter ____ ______, which are narrow intercellular canals that empty into small bile ductules.
- Common hepatic duct
- Joins cystic duct from gallbladder
- Common bile duct
- Joins pancreatic duct from pancreas
- Glomerular filtrate
- The fluid produced when blood is filtered by the filtration membrane in the glomeruloi of the kidney.
- Tubular secretion
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fluid flow along the tubule and through the collecting duct, the tubule and duct cells secrete other materials, such as wastes, drugs, and excess, ions, into the fluid.
removes substances from the blood - absorption
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contrast to reabsorption
entry of new substances into the body, as occurs in the GI tract. - Reabsorption
- refers to the return of filtered water and solutes to the bloodstream
- Tubular reabsorption
- fluid flow into renal tubule and through the collecting duct, tubue cells reabsorb 99% of filtered water and useful solutes. Water and solutes return to the blood as it flow through the peritubular capillaries and basa recta.
- Glomerular filtration
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first step of the urine production
water and most soluters in blood plasma move across the wall of glomerular calpillaries into the glomerulur capsule and then into the renal tubule - Urine formation
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Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion - What are the regulations of internal environment (homeostasis)?
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Water and solute concentrations
Blood pH
Removal of toxins - Regulation of internal environment (homeostasis)
- What is the function of a nephron?
- Juxtaglomerular appartus
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helps regulate blood pressure within the kidneys.
formed by macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells - Macula densa
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modified cells of distal portion of ascending limb of henle
columnar tubular cells in this region are crowded together