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Biology Chapter 11

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When Griffith inserted two strains of bacterium into the mice, one cured and the other harmless...
The mouse died.
Avery finally determined that the thing affecting the the bacterium was...
DNA.
A virus is...
A package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat.
A virus that infects bacteria is called...
Bacteriophage.
The full name for DNA (where the genetic material is stored) is...
Deoxyribonucleic acid.
Nucleotides are...
The building blocks of nucleic acid polymers.
Nitrogenous base:
A single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms with functional groups.
The 4 building blocks of DNA are...
Thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine.
The pyrimidines, or single-ring bases are...
Thymine and cytosine.
Adenine and guanine are....
Purines, or two-ring structures.
The twisting shape of DNA is called a...
Double helix.
G pairs with
C
The process of copying the DNA molecule is called...
DNA replication.
In DNA replication...
The double helix splits into two single helixes, from which the nucleotides match up.
DNA plymerases make...
Covalent bonds between nucleotides on daughter DNA.
The one gene, one polypeptide hypothesis states:
The function of an individual gene is to dictate the production of a specific enzyme.
RNA is...
any nucleic acid whose sugar is ribose, not deoxyribose.
When DNA is converted to single-strand RNA...
Transcription
Translation converts...
Nucleic acid code into amino acid code.
A codon is...
a "word", or code for one amino acid. Several codons make a polypeptide.
After translation, RNA...
goes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
Stating with transcription, messenger RNA is...
Transcribed from a DNA template.
RNA polymerase does what...
Linka the RNA nucleotides together.
During transcription...
the RNA nucleotides pair up with the template helix.
Internal "noncoding"regions are called...
introns
The coded regions are called...
Exons.
The process of removing introns and conjoing extrons is called...
RNA splicing.
What does transfer RNA do?
Translates three letter codons of mRNA to amino acids.
At one end of the folded tRNA is a specific triplet of bases called...
An anticodon.
The third kind of RNA is called...
Ribosomal RNA
A mutation is...
Any change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA.
Physical or chemical agents that cause mutations are called...
Mutagens

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