Biology Chapter 11
Terms
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- When Griffith inserted two strains of bacterium into the mice, one cured and the other harmless...
- The mouse died.
- Avery finally determined that the thing affecting the the bacterium was...
- DNA.
- A virus is...
- A package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat.
- A virus that infects bacteria is called...
- Bacteriophage.
- The full name for DNA (where the genetic material is stored) is...
- Deoxyribonucleic acid.
- Nucleotides are...
- The building blocks of nucleic acid polymers.
- Nitrogenous base:
- A single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms with functional groups.
- The 4 building blocks of DNA are...
- Thymine, adenine, cytosine, and guanine.
- The pyrimidines, or single-ring bases are...
- Thymine and cytosine.
- Adenine and guanine are....
- Purines, or two-ring structures.
- The twisting shape of DNA is called a...
- Double helix.
- G pairs with
- C
- The process of copying the DNA molecule is called...
- DNA replication.
- In DNA replication...
- The double helix splits into two single helixes, from which the nucleotides match up.
- DNA plymerases make...
- Covalent bonds between nucleotides on daughter DNA.
- The one gene, one polypeptide hypothesis states:
- The function of an individual gene is to dictate the production of a specific enzyme.
- RNA is...
- any nucleic acid whose sugar is ribose, not deoxyribose.
- When DNA is converted to single-strand RNA...
- Transcription
- Translation converts...
- Nucleic acid code into amino acid code.
- A codon is...
- a "word", or code for one amino acid. Several codons make a polypeptide.
- After translation, RNA...
- goes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
- Stating with transcription, messenger RNA is...
- Transcribed from a DNA template.
- RNA polymerase does what...
- Linka the RNA nucleotides together.
- During transcription...
- the RNA nucleotides pair up with the template helix.
- Internal "noncoding"regions are called...
- introns
- The coded regions are called...
- Exons.
- The process of removing introns and conjoing extrons is called...
- RNA splicing.
- What does transfer RNA do?
- Translates three letter codons of mRNA to amino acids.
- At one end of the folded tRNA is a specific triplet of bases called...
- An anticodon.
- The third kind of RNA is called...
- Ribosomal RNA
- A mutation is...
- Any change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA.
- Physical or chemical agents that cause mutations are called...
- Mutagens