biology 1st
Terms
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- What are the characteristics of living organisms?
- -organization -energy material use and acquisition -maintain constant internal conditions
- What is the definition of a theory vs. the definition of a hypothesis?
- Theory- generalization that explains many observations -has been tested and researchers have yet to find evidence that disproves it. - usually generates many hypothesis.
- What is a polar covalent bond?
- shared electrons pulled closer to the more electronegative atom.
- What is a hydrogen bond?
- formed when a partially positive hydrogen atom in a polar covalent bond is attracted to a partially negative atom in a polar covalent bond in another molecule.
- what is a solution?
- mixture of two or more substances (solute dissolved in a substance)
- what is a solute?
- substance dissolved in a solvent?
- what is a solvent?
- the substance in which a solute is dissolved.
- what are the properties of water?
- 1) 32 degrees freezing point. 0 degrees celcius. 2) high specific heat 3)water buffers climate (north dakota colder than alaska) 4) surface tension-water molecules bond to each other more strongly than air.
- How can you tell the difference between an acid and a base?
- an acid donates hydrogen ions when put into a solution, and a base accepts hydrogen ions and removes them from solution. More H+ = acid More OH- = basic equal number = neutral
- What is pH?
- .
- How does pH affect organisms and your body?
- Living organisms usually thrive in a pH of around 6-8. blood is 7.3-7.5.
- What is Acidosis?
- not being able to remove CO2 from your lungs. CO2 is acidic.results from pH being TOO LOW.
- What are the functional groups?
- the groups of atoms in an organic molecule that usually participates in chemical reactions.
- What is a monomer? polymer?
- Most organic molecues are repeated in units: monomer= single units polymer= more complex units. string of monomers.
- Explain dehydration synthesis and hydrolisis?
- .
- What are the characteristics/types of lipids we discussed in class?
- 1. Fats 2. Steroids 3. Phospholipids
- How are lipids important?
- for energy, storage, and insulation.
- What is the difference between unsaturated and saturated fats?
- Saturated=all C-C bonds are single bonds unsaturated= at least one C-C bond is a double bond
- What are the characeristics of proteins?
- 1. they consist of polypeptide chains made up of amino acids 2. their functions are numerous and depend on the proteins shape 3. a change in the environment can change the shape of a protein.
- What is the difference between high density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins?
- LDL= carry cholestrol to coronary arteries of the heart. HDL= carry cholestrol to liver- away from heart and outlying tissues.
- what are the functions of DNA and RNA?
- dna- contains the instructions for putting together proteins. rna- takes dna encoded instructions to the sites in cells. where proteins are put together.
- What is a cell junction? (just in animal cells)
- proteins form a channel between cells that allows small molecules to pass through