Bio 11: Chemistry of Life
Terms
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- What are marcomolecules?
- Large molecules that are made by joining several separate units such as joining several sugar units to form a starch molecule.
- What are nutrients?
- The raw materials needed for cell metabolism.
- What are carbohydrates? What do they contain? (3 things)
- Nutrients made up of a single sugar molecule or many sugar molecules. Contains only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- Where do you get carbohydrates from? (5)
- Potatoes, bread, corn, rice, and fruits.
- What are monosaccharides? What are some examples? (3)
- A sugar made up of a single sugar molecule is called a monosaccharide. Ex. Glucose, fructose, galactose.
- What are disaccharides? What are some examples of disaccharides? (3)
- Disaccharides are sugars made up of two sugar molecules. Ex. Maltose (2 glucose molecules, Lactose (glucose+galactose), sucrose (glucose+fructose)
- All disaccharides are formed by a process called...?
- Dehydration synthesis.
- What is dehydration synthesis?
- A series of chemical reactions that allow two molecules to bond by the formation of a water molecule.
- A large carbohydrate molecule used by plants to store energy.
- Starch
- The carbohydrate that forms the cell walls of plant cells. Humans cannot digest this.
- Cellulose
- The form of carbohydrate storage in animals.
- Glycogen
- Fatty acids are?
- Long chains of carbon and hydrogen joined together.
- What is triglyceride?
- A lipid composed of glycerol and three fatty acids which are bonded together.
- Difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
- Saturated: Single bonds. Unsaturated: Double bonds.
- What is glycerol?
- A three-carbon molecule containing three hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
- Fatty acids are...?
- Long chains of carbon and hydrogen joined together.
- What's tryglyceride?
- A lipid composed of GLYCEROL and THREE FATTY ACIDS which are bonded together.