Bio 7 2
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- What do the burning of glucose and oxygen create?
- carbon dioxide, water, heat, and light
- The first step of glucose metabolism
- glycolysis
- Which reactions are anaerobic?
- glycolysis and fermentation
- Three carbon molecule created in glycolysis
- pyruvate
- Which reaction is aerobic
- cellular respiration
- What is pyruvate converted to during cellular respiration?
- three CO2 molecules
- What is pyruvate converted to in fermentation?
- latic acid or ethanol
- A reaction in which one substance transfers one or more electrons to another substance
- a redox reaction
- REduction _____ electrons
- gains
- Oxidation_____ electrons
- loses
- What is the reduced form of NAD?
- NADH+
- What is the oxidized form of NAD?
- NAD+
- The reactant that becomes reduced
- oxidation agent
- The reactant that becomes oxidized
- reduction agent
- When a molecule loses an electron, what does it also lose?
- a hydrogen atom
- Other than NAD, what is another carrier of electrons during glucose metabolism?
- FAD
- What are the 3 pathways of cellular respiration?
- pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and the respitory or electron transfer chain
- Where does gylcolysis take place in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
- cytoplasm
- How much energy doe sglycolysis produce?
- a small amount
- Does glycolysis generate CO2?
- no
- What is the most common form of energy molecule and what is its formula?
- glucose, C6H12O6
- The first 5 steps of glycolysis are endergonic or exergonic?
- endergonic
- The last 5 steps of glycolysis are endergonic or exergonic?
- exergonic
- ATP is broken apart and phosphate is attached to glucose endergonic or exergonic?
- endergonic
- Phosphate is cleaved from glucose and adds to ADP to make ATP endergonic or exergonic?
- exergonic
- What is the substrate in the first 5 steps of glycolysis?
- ATP
- What enzyme catalyzes the first reaction of glycolysis?
- hexokinase
- How many molecules of ATP have been invested in the first 5 steps of glycolysis?
- 2
- How many molecules of pyruvate for each molecule of glucose?
- 2
- What kind of reaction is it when an enzyme makes ATP without a hydrogen ion gradient?
- substrate-level phosphorilation
- How many molecules of ATP for each molecule of glucose?
- 2
- What is the gross number of ATP made in glycolysis?
- 4
- What is the net number of ATP made in glycolysis?
- 2
- Where does pyruvate oxidation occur?
- inner-mitochondrial membrane
- What is the intermediate step between glycolysis and respiration?
- pyruvate oxidation
- Is CO2 made in glycolysis?
- no
- Is CO2 made in pyruvate oxidation?
- yes
- What is the starting point for the citric acid cycle?
- Acetyl COA
- Is CO2 made in the citric acid cycle?
- Yes
- What are the inputs in the citric acid cycle?
- Acetyl CoA, water, Nad+ and FAD
- What are two type of electron carriers?
- NAD+ and FAD
- What are the outputs of the citric acid cycle?
- NADH+ + H+, FADH2, CO2, a small amount of ATP
- What happens to H+ ion concentrations in the citric acid cycle?
- They don't change
- Can CoA be reused?
- yes
- What does succinyl CoA make?
- GTP and Pi
- What does GTP make?
- ATP
- Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
- mitochondrial matrix
- What must reduced forms do before the respitory chain?
- get rid of their hydrogens
- What is ATP synthesis from electron transport called?
- oxidative phosphorylation
- What two macromolecules does the respitory chain contain?
- proteins and lipids