chap 4 2
Terms
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- electron configuration
- the arrangement of electrons in an atom, is known as the atoms_____
- ground state electron configuration
- The lowest energy arrangement of the electrons for each element is ______
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Electrons are added to orbitals one by one according to 3 basic rules...
1st?(Aufbau principle) -
1) shows order in which electrons occupy orbitals
a. an electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can recieve it -
2nd basic rule of electron configuration?
What do the arrows mean? -
reflects the importance of the spin quantum number
Pauli exclusion principle- no two electrons of the same atom can have the same set of four quantum #'s
- an orbital can hold 2 electrons of OPPOSITE spin
~ each arrow represents one of the atom's 2 electrons
* the direction of the arrow indicates the electrons spin - 3rd rule of elec. config.?
- -requires placing unpaired electrons in seperate orbitals in the same sublevel = electron-electron repulsion is minimized so electron arrangements have the lowest energy level possible
- Hunds rule
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- orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron
-all electrons in singley ocupied orbitals must have the same spin - orbital notation
-
an unoccupied orbital is represented by a line w/ the orbital's name written underneath the line
Ex) H/He
name of orbital= H & He-1s
above line= H-one up arrow/
He- 1 up arrow ,1 down arrow - Electron-Configuration notation
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# of electrons in sublevel is ahown by adding a subscript
ex) He-1s^2 - inner shell electrons
- electrons that are not in the highest occupied energy level
- noble gas configuration
- an outer main energy level fully occupied, in most cases, by 8 electrons
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fifth period elements differ from elements 1st 4 periods?
why? -
start w/ "5s" orbital rather than the "4s"
-succesive electrons are added
-b/c 4f and 5d orbitals are so close in energy, deviations of the simple rule of elec. config. occur