Chem 1
Words
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- interface
- a boundary between phases
- submicroscopic
- too minute to be seen with an optical microscope
- chemical period
- a row of elements in the periodic table; members of a period have the same total number of electron energy shells
- volatile
- easily evaporated
- macroscopic
- large-scale
- general properties of matter
- matter being any material substance the has mass, occupies spaces, exhibits inertia, and gravitationally attracts other matter
- endoergic
- a more general term for any process of change accompanied by the absorption of energy
- periodic table
- an organizational chart of the elements, originally relating the property of mass to that of a systematic variation in chemical behavior
- exothermic
- characteristic of any process of change accompanied by the release of heat energy
- solute
- a substance that becomes dissolved to form a solution
- speed
- rate of travel
- extensive property
- sample-dependent
- four forces
- gravity (weak), electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, strong nuclear force (strongest)
- nuclide notation
- a way of representing an atom by use of chemical symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass
- phase
- a region characterized by a uniform set of properties
- hierarchy of matter
- an organizational scheme of matter with categories defined by behavioral characteristics
- atom
- the smallest particle of an element that shows properties of that element
- exoergic
- a more general term for any process of change accompanied by the release of energy
- physical property
- an attribute or characteristic that can be characterized or determined without altering the identity of the substance
- mass
- the most appropriate measure of matter, a concept attributable to Isaac Newton
- chemical property
- an attribute or characteristic that can be measured or characterized only by changing the identity of the substance
- atomic number
- corresponds to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- metals
- characterized by a shiny luster, good thermal and electrical conductiveities, and malleability
- kinetic energy
- energy of motion
- Tyndall effect
- a scattering of light characteristic of particles suspended within heterogeneous mixtures
- atomic mass
- when rounded, corresponds to the number of protons and neutrons of an atom
- microscopic
- small-scale, yet visible by means of optics (lens)
- energy
- the ability to do work or cause change
- physical states of matter
- gas, liduid, and solid as determined by behavioral characteristics discussed in class
- conservation laws
- matter and energy are not measurably created or destroyed during ordinary changes, whether chemical or physical
- acceleration
- any change in motion, wether speed or direction
- metalloids
- an element possessing metallic properties in an inferior degree and not malleable
- system
- an isolated region under study
- intensive property
- inherent, due to the nature of the stuff itself
- isotopes
- atoms of a given element that vary in mass due to different numbers of neutrons
- true solid (crystalline)
- a substance having both definite volume and shape, and characterized internally by a regular, orderly particle arrangement
- solutions
- (homogeneous) mixtures that don't look like mixtures; characterized by selfmixing behavior
- nucleus
- the positively-charged, centrally-located region of the atom
- quantitative
- the chich is descriptive by means of numbers, as in measured values
- endothermic
- characteristic of any process of change accompanied by the absorption of heat energy
- heterogeneous
- refers to any mixture containing more than one phase
- homogeneous
- appearing to be of the same kind of stuff throught
- atomic theory
- the idea that all matter is made of fundamental 'bits', called atoms
- planetary atomic model
- a pictorial representation of an atom that resembles the solar system
- qualitative
- that which is descriptive by means of words, as in descriptive terms for properties
- subatomic particle
- a particle smaller than an atom, such as a proton, neutron, or electron
- nucleon
- a subatomic particle within the nucleus
- inertia
- resistance to acceleration
- triple-beam balance
- a device incorporating a fulcrum and used to measure mass
- chemistry
- the study of matter, with a focus on matter's composition, structure, and behavior
- allotropes
- varieties of a given element in a given physical state
- alloy
- a solid solution of metals
- nuclide
- a particular kind, or species, of atom
- potential energy
- the energy of position of composition
- nonmetals
- characterized by duller lusters, poor conductivitiees, and brittleness
- radiant energy
- energy that travels at light speed in the form of electromagnetic waves
- amorphous solid
- an apparently solid substance that lacks the regularity of particle arrangement found within a crystalline solid
- solvent
- a substance that dissolves another to form a solution
- chemical group or family
- a column of elements characterized by physical and chemical similarities members of a family have the same number of valence electrons
- matter-energy
- the hypothesis of the equivalency of matter and energy, as in E=mc2