Chem, chapter 14-15 Acids, new book
Vocab review for chapter 23
Terms
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- solubility
- a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature
- Bronsted-Lowry Thoery
- Theory of acids and bases that states that acids are compounds that donate H+ ions (protons) in a reaction and bases are the compounds that accepts H+ ions (protons) in the reaction.
- Electrolytes
- substances that conduct an electric current when they are dissolved in water.
- Hydronium ion
- A bare proton combined with a water molecule, H3O+
- Lewis Theory
- Theory of acids and bases that states that acids are electron pair acceptors and bases are electron pair donors.
- oxyacid
- any acid that contains oxygen
- soluble
- capable of being dissolved
- Buffered solution
- a solution that resists a change in its pH even when a strong acid or base is added to it
- end point
- the point in a titration at which an indicator changes color
- conjugate acid
- Particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion
- pH meter
- determines the pH of a solution by measuring the voltage between the two electrodes that are placed in the solution.
- Strong acid
- an acid that ionizes completely in aqueous solution
- Titration
- process in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution
- disassociation
- the process of ionic compounds breaking down into smaller ionic particles
- unsaturated solution
- any solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature
- Salt
- an ionic compound composed of a cation (+ion) from a base and an anion (-ion) from an acid
- Anhydrous
- refers to a substance that contains no water molecules
- equivalence point
- the point at which the two solutions used in a titration are present in chemically equivalent amounts
- neutralization
- reaction in which an acid reacts with a base and forms water and a salt
- supersaturated solution
- contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature
- polyprotic acid
- an acid that can donate more than one proton (H+) per molecule. Can be diprotic (H2SO4) or triprotic (H3CO3)
- solution
- a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase
- solute
- substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution
- net ionic equation
- an equation for a reaction in solution showing only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change
- acid-base Indicator
- a substance that changes in color depending on the pH of the solution that the substance is in.
- Conjugate base
- the particle that remains after an acid has donated a proton or hydrogen ion.
- monoprotic acid
- An acid that can donate only one proton (hydrogen ion) per molecule.
- solvent
- substance in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution
- Tyndall effect
- scattering of light by particles in a colloid or suspension, which causes a beam of light to become visible
- Binary acid
- an acid composed of only two elements, one of which is hydrogen
- saturated solution
- a mixture that contains as much dissolved solute as is possible at a given temperature
- ionization
- any process that results in the formation of an ion
- Arrhenius Theory
- Theory of acids and bases that states that acids are compounds that release H+ ions and bases are compounds that release OH- ions.
- Weak base
- A base that ionizes only slightly in a solution
- electrolyte
- a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution that conducts an electric current
- Weak acid
- An acid that does not completely disassociate into ions in a solution, eg acetic acid
- suspension
- a mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration
- Spectator ions
- are those ions present in a solution but not involved in a reaction.
- Hydrolysis
- a reaction between water and a salt to create an acid or a base
- molarity
- the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
- pH
- a measure of hydronium ion concentration equal to -log [H3O+] and ranging in value from 0 to 14.
- concentration
- the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume.
- Amphoteric
- A substance that can react as either an acid or a base
- Standard solution
- a solution whose concentration is accurately known
- colloid
- a mixture in which the particles are dispersed throughout but are not heavy enough to settle out
- Ternary acid
- an acid containing three elements.