chem vocab
Terms
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- freezing point
- the temperature at which a solid and liquid are in equilibrium a 1 atm pressure the temperature at which a substance freezes
- amorphous solids
- a solid in which the particles are not arranged periodicity or order
- freezing
- the change of state in which a liquid becomes a solid as energy as heat is removed
- molar enthalpy of fusion
- the amount of energy as heat required to chang 1 mol of a substance from solid to liquid at constant temperature and pressure
- vaporization
- the process by which a liquid of solid changes to a gas
- depositon
- the chang of state from a gas directly to a solid
- equilibrium
- in chemistry the state in which a chemical reaction and the reverse chemical reaction occur at the same rate such that the concentrations of reactants and products do not change
- Elastic Collision
- a collision between ideally elastic bodies in which the final and intial kinetic energies are the same
- Molar enthalpy of vaporization
- the amount of energy as heat required to evaporate 1 mol of a liquid at constant pressure and temperature
- kinetic-molecular theory
- a theory that explains the behavior of physical sysystems depends on the combined actions of molecules constituting the system
- critical point
- the temperature above which a substance cannot exist in the liquid state
- supercooled liquids
- a liquid that is cooled below its normal freezing point without solidfying
- Phase
- in chemisty one of the four states or conditions in which a substance can exist solid liquid gas or plasma a part of matter that is uniform
- Effusion
- the passage of a gas under pressure through a tiny opening
- capillary action
- the attraction of the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface
- Boiling
- the conversion of a liquid to a vapor within the liquid as well as at the surface of the liquid at a specific temperature and pressure, occurs when the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure
- Equilibrium vapor pressure
- the vapor pressure of a system at equilibrium
- Melting point
- the temperature and pressure at which a solid becomes a liquid
- triple point
- the temperature and pressure conditions at which the solid liquid and phases of a substance coexist at equilibrium
- real gas
- a gas that does not behave completely like hypothetical ideal gas because of the interactions betwen the gas molecules
- ideal gas
- an imaginary gas whose particles are infinitly small and do not interact with each other
- unit cell
- the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three diemnesional pattern of the entire lattice
- melting
- the change of state in which a solid becomes a liquid by adding energy as heat or changing pressure
- evaportation
- the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
- Fluid
- a nonsolid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other as in a gas or liquid
- critical pressure
- the lowest pressure at which a substance can exist as a liquid at the critical temperature
- crystal
- a solid whose atoms ions or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern
- volatile liquids
- a liquid that evaporates readily or at low temp.
- Boiling Point
- The temperature and pressure at which a liquid and a gas are in equilibrium
- condensation
- the change of state from a gas to a liquid
- surface tension
- the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface
- crystalline solids
- a solid that consist of crystals
- phase diagram
- a graph of the relationship between the physical state and pressure of the substance
- Crystal structure
- the arrangemnet of atoms ions or molecules in a regular way to form a crystal
- sublimation
- the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas (the term is sometimes used in reverse)
- diffusion
- the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density