Chem-electron arrangement
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- dmitri mendeleyev
- arranged know elements as to increasing atomic masses; noticed most of the time elements w/ similar properties fell into same verticle columns; used his chart to predict properties of unknown elements
- nonmetals are found
- to the right of the zigzag
- N,4
- max 32 electrons
- electron dot notation
- shows number of electrons in the entire OUTERmost electron shell; NOT outer most orbital
- paths
- bohr) energy levels or electron shells
- Q,7
- max 98 electrons
- group V
- nitrogen family
- group VIII
- noble gas family, inactive
- within the energy levels are
- sublevels or orbitals
- 1st series
- H, He
- P,6
- max 72 electrons
- modern periodic law
- the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic (repeating) functions of their atomic numbers
- metals are found
- to the left of the zigzag
- electron configuration
- total number or subscripts should equal the number of electrons
- group I
- sodium family, very active
- inner transitions elements
- rare elements are found at the bottom of the periodic table
- M,3
- max 18 electrons
- as you go across a series group
- atomic radii decrease, ionization energy increases
- group VI
- oxygen family
- henry moseley
- the chart should be based on increasing atomic NUMBERS; use xray to zap the atoms of the known elements then would measure the returning xray; the shorter the returning xray the more protons and the higher atomic number; modern periodic law
- metaloids are found
- around the zigzag
- compare gr I and gr VIII
- group 1 very active, group 8 inactive
- K,1
- max 2 electrons
- f orbitals
- 7 orientations, max of 14 electrons
- O,5
- max 50 electrons
- atomic radii
- sizes of atoms
- s orbital
- 1 orientation, max of 2 electrons
- series of elements
- agree w/ periodic table
- d orbitals
- 5 orientations, max of 10 electrons
- group VII
- halogen family
- group II
- calcium family
- as you do down a particular the group
- atomic radii increase, ionization energy decreases
- max # of electrons
- 2n2
- john newlands
- arranged the known elements (not many) as to increasing atomic masses; noticed some patterns: physical properties and chemical properties
- L,2
- max 8 electrons
- p orbitals
- 3 orientations, max of 6 electrons
- horizontal rows
- periods, series
- verticle columns
- groups, families
- transistion elements are found
- between the metals and nonmetals
- pauli exclusion rule
- in any one orientation there can be a max of 2 electrons (opposite spin)
- ionization energy
- energy needed to remove an electron from an outer shell