Chem 1.2: Structure of Atoms
Terms
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- tritium
- A hydrogen atom with two neutrons and one proton in the nucleus.
- empirical formula
- A chemical formula which shows the relative number of each type of atom in a molecule, using the smallest possible set of integers.
- law of conservation of mass
- Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
- average atomic mass
- The average of the atomic masses of each of an element's isotopes, weighted by natural abundance.
- binary molecular compound
- A molecular compound composed of only two different elements.
- alloy
- A metallic solution or a mixture of two or more metals.
- atom
- The fundamental unit of chemical matter.
- law of constant composition
- The proportion by mass of the elements that make up a compound is always the same.
- atomic mass unit
- One-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
- atomic number
- Number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
- period
- Row of the periodic table.
- deuterium
- A hydrogen atom with one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.
- mass spectrometer
- Device used to determine the relative masses of atoms.
- ion
- A charged species that results from the gain or loss of electrons from a neutral atom or molecule.
- proton
- A positively charged particle in the nucleus.
- group
- A column of the periodic table in which the elements have similar chemical properties.
- metal
- An element that has luster, conducts heat and electricity well, and tends to lose electrons to form cations.
- element
- A form of matter that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods.
- Dalton's atomic theory
- The first widely accepted theory of atoms.
- isotopes
- Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.
- inner transition metals
- The 14-element wide lower portion of the periodic table that has been pulled out to save space; it is composed of elements whose outer shell electron configuration contains electrons in a "f" subshell.
- bond
- An attractive force between two or more atoms that holds them together in a compound.
- mass number
- Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
- transition elements
- Elements whose outer shell electron configuration contains electrons in a "d" subshell.
- molecule
- A group of at least two covalently bonded atoms.
- actinide
- An element in the 5f block of the periodic table.
- lanthanides
- Elements in the 4f block of the periodic table.
- molecular compound
- Compound made up of molecules.
- cathode ray tube
- An evacuated glass tube containing an electrode at each end, which can be used to demonstrate that atoms contain negatively charged particles.
- nucleus
- The center of mass and positive charge of the atom.
- main group elements
- Elements in A groups in the periodic table.
- compound
- A substance composed of two or more elements combined in fixed proportions.
- periodic table
- Table that shows the elements, their atomic number, symbol, and average atomic mass; elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together.
- electron
- A negatively charged subatomic particle located outside the nucleus.
- molecular formula
- a representation of a compound which shows the absolute number of atoms of each element in a molecule
- metalloid
- An element which has some properties in common with metals and some in common with nonmetals.
- nuclide
- The nucleus of a specific isotope.
- nonmetal
- An element that lacks the properties of metals, particularly the tendency to form cations.
- neutron
- An uncharged subatomic particle located in the nucleus.
- anion
- A negatively charged ion.
- cation
- A positively charged ion.