Module 14 Nutrition
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Lipid Emulsions
- provide supplemental kilocalories and prevent essential fatty acid deficiencies
- Nitrogen Balance
- achieved when intake and output of nitrogen are equal
- Metabolism
- all biochemical reactions within the cells of the body
- Vitamins
- organic substances present in small amounts of foods that are essential to normal metabolism
- Glycogenesis
- Anabolism of glucose into glycogen for storage
- Nutrient Density
- proportion of essential nutrients to the number of kilocalories
- Resting Energy Expenditure
- resting metabolic rate, amount of energy an individual needs to consume over a 24 hour period for the body to maintain all its internal working activities while at rest
- Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT)
- the use of specific nutritional therapies to treat an illness, injury, or condition
- Microminerals
- daily requirement is less that 100mg
- Hypervitaminosis
- results from mega doses of supplemental vitamins, excessive amounts of fortified foods, and large intake of fish oils
- Monosaccharides
- glucose, dextrose, or fructose cannot be broken down (1)
- Indispensible amino acids
- must be provided in the diet, the body does not manufacture them
- Dispensible amino acids
- the body synthesizes these
- Parenteral Nutrition
- a form of specialized nutrition support in which nutrients are provided intravenously
- Nutrients
- elements necessary for body processes and function
- Fat-soluble vitamins
- A,D,E,K
- Simple carbohydrates
- found in primarily in sugars mono and disaccharides
- Anabolism
- is the building of more complex biochemical substances by synthesis of nutrients
- Amino Acid
- the building blocks of proteins
- Minerals
- inorganic elements essential to the body as catalysts in biochemical reactions
- Macrominerals
- daily requirement is 100mg or more
- Carbohydrates
- main source of energy in the diet
- Water-soluble vitamins
- C & B
- Glucogenesis
- Catabolism of amino acids and glycerol into glucose for energy
- Enzymes
- proteinlike substances that act as catalysts to speed up chem reactions
- Basal metabolic rate
- energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at rest
- Glycogenolysis
- catabolism of glycogen into glucose, carbon dioxide, and water
- Catabolism
- breakdown of biochemical substances into simpler substances and occurs during physiological states of negative nitrogen blance
- Monounsaturated fatty acid
- one double bond
- Enteral Nutrition
- nutrients given in the GI tract
- Polyunsaturated fatty acid
- 2 or more double carbon bonds
- Unsaturated Fatty Acid
- unequal number of hydrogen atoms are attatched and the carbon atoms attatch to each other with a double bond
- Disaccharides
- sucrose, lactose, maltose, made of 2 monosacchrides and water
- Fatty Acids
- composed of chains od carbon and hydrogen atoms with an acid group on one end of the chain and a methyl group at the other
- Lipids
- most calorie-dense nutrient, providing, 9kcal/g
- Triglycerides
- circulate in the blood and are made up of 3 fatty acids
- Saturated Fatty Acid
- each carbon chain has 2 attatched hydrogen atoms