P Chem= DIE.
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- How to switch from Tb to Tf?
- Tb/Tf = .51/1.86 (The Kb values)
- where is raoults law region?
- top corners of "deviation" graph
- lysis
- swelling and bursting of a ell due to a HYPOtonic envrioment
- Isotonic with respect to wat type of membrane
- REAL semi permeable membrane= any specifc membrane like RBC
- Four colligative prperties
- BP elevation, FP Depression, VP lowering, Osmotic pressure
- Sfus
- 13.5 eu
- what thermodynamic force initates vaporaizaiton?
- enthalpy
- For the dissolution process: - Delta s (whats going on and is it favorable?) aka?
- forming solute solvent interactions= unfavorable aka Hydration
- dilution factor
- Ci/Cf
- which is greater dispersion or dipole-dipole?
- dipole-dipole thus has a higher MP
- crenate
- shrink
- what does melting point depend more on?
- More on enthalpic bc entropic is constant (thus Svap=13.5 etc)
- What do colligative properties depend on?
- Concentration of particle in solution
- molecules with double bonds: what are the tb and tm?
- the one without double bonds= slightly higher tb and the one WITH double bonds= higher Tm due to packing
- what charge equal a happy free energy reaction
- negative
- what does the Keq for dissolution of electrolytes=?
- keq=ksp=[a]^m + [b]^n
- Standard temp?
- 298 K
- what happens if you put a RBC in 2% boric aid?
- it will go INSIDE the cell
- why is there a smaller i value when there is a ion-water interaction than the number of ions in solution?
- the activity coff. decrease= lower i
- list in order of increasing BP? ketones alkanse alcohols and ethers
- alkanes ethers ketones alcohols
- equation for solublity of non electrolytes
- H soln= H fus + H mix
- equation for Tbp?
- Delta H vap/21 e.u
- what does the Keq for dissolution of Non electrolytes=?
- keq=xs
- When adding water to [ ] what is the equation to find [ ]?
- CiVi= Vtotal Cf
- equation for solublity of electrolytes
- H soln= H lattice + H solv
- what are the extensice properites of a system?
- free enegery, vp lowering, entropy, volume, enthalpy
- what do you multiply the mole fraction by to get the molal?
- 55.5 * mole fraction
- How does boric acid compare to RBC membrane
- Same Freezing pt= isoosmotic bt NOT isotonic (since goes INSDIE the ell= hyPOtonic)
- dissolution
- dissolving
- where is the henerys law region
- bottom corners of the "deviation" graph
- ka associatied with weak acids
- less than 1
- How does Boric aids compare to eye?
- isoosmotic to eye ball and isotonic
- what type of interaction would benze give off?
- induce dipole
- what type of membran does ISo-osmotic deal with?
- perfect semi permeable membrane meaning permeable to solvent but not solute
- two equations for delta G?
- Delta G= -RT ln Keq or Delta G= Delta H - T Delta S
- which charge of H = energy given off?
- negative
- which charge of H = energy needed
- postive
- mg%
- mg/100ml
- tb
- .51
- what do you multiply the molal by to get mole fraction
- 0.018 * molal
- what type of enviroment does lysis occur?
- hyPOtonic enviroment= sweel and burst
- given A6=5.44 ug/ml and A3=9.614 ug/ml find A10=?
- Find K by (NEG lnA6-ln A3/ (6-3)) then find Ao THEN find A10
- w/w %
- 1 mg/100 mg
- What type of enviroment does crenation occur?
- hyPERtonic= shirvels
- equation for Tf
- imKf=Tf (lil circle)- Tf
- what do RBC and .9 NaCl and Boric acid have in common?
- isoosmotic= freeze at same temp but NOT all isotonic (b acid= hypotonic
- equation for weak bases
- NH4oH--> NH4+ + OH - keq= Kb=1.8*10-5 or D + H2o--> DH+ + OH-
- IF Pb=0 then what is the equation for delta P
- delta P= Xb (Pa)
- Standard state for electrolyte solution
- 1M
- Tfiso=
- 0.52
- Standard state for non-electrolytes
- 1 m.f.
- what charge equal a happy ethalpic reaction
- negative= energy given off
- what is delta G fus at melting point?
- ZERO
- factors affecting dipole interactions?
- strenght of individual dipoles, distance btw molecues, direction of dipoles
- delta T f Iso=
- 0.52
- how to find pressure of NaCL with only RBC pressure?
- Pressure is related to Temp (pinew/pi old)= (tnew/told)
- when comparing ether to aldehyde
- aldehyde has higher tb and tm because electrostatic interactions
- quadratic formula
- x=-(b+- Squaroot of b^2-4ac)/2a
- units for Enthalphy (H)
- K cal/mol
- what happens to the solubility if you increease the temp of an exothermic (-H) process?
- decrease solubility
- When does delta G = 0
- at equilibrium
- Kb h20
- 0.51 deg/ molal
- how much dextrose/ 1 G NaCl?
- 0.16
- Kf
- 1.86 deg/molal
- v/v%
- 1ml/100 ml
- equation for weak acids
- HAc--> H+ + Ac- keq= Ka= 1.8*10^-5
- for partioning- what to do when ask for fraction
- AMOUNT= Cv/Ctotal
- what charge = happy entropic interaction
- positive s
- alkenes vs alkanse MP
- alkenes can pack more= higher mp
- E(a-a) = E (b-b) = E (a-b)
- ideal solution= no interactions
- out of all the halogens, which has the higher BP?
- Br bc bigger=more polarizable=more dispersion iteractions=greater bp
- equation for Tm?
- Delta Hfus/13.5 e.u
- what type of probelms would be seen for "common ion effecT"
- this number of A dissolved in this number of B= how much?
- Units for Entropy (S)
- cal/k mol
- how does a long chain on bnzene ring affect bp tm?
- increase BP (more polarizable) and decrease TM (less packing)
- Standard volume
- 24.5 L
- Standard pressure?
- 1 atm
- For the dissolution process: - Delta H (whats going on and is it favorable?) aka?
- forming solute-solvent interactions= favorable aka lattice
- what does the Keq for Vaporization =?
- Pa (lil cirle)
- list entrostatic ineractions
- d-d, i-i, d-i
- what is the primary contributor to Delta H?
- IMI
- Svap=?
- 21 eu
- when comparing terminal carboxylic acid to ester?
- carboxylic acid has highter tb and th than ester due to Hydrogen bonding
- Ao=?
- first order rate
- how does NaCl compare to RBC?
- Isotonic and Isoosmtic WR2 RBC thus its Fp= 0.52
- what are the two r values
- 0.001987 k cal / deg mol and 0.082 L atm/ deg mol (use for pressure equation)
- E (A-B) (LESS THAN) E (a-a) and E (b-b)
- Postivie deviation because rather be anti-social and keep to their own kind
- for melting of non electrolyte: what part of its equation is always positive
- H fus
- three MODES OF IMI?
- electrostatic, dispersion, hydrogen bonding
- Entropy or enthalpic: which is the reason for vaporization?
- entropy
- For the dissolution process: + Delta H (whats going on and is it favorable?) aka?
- breaking solute-solute interactions= Unfavorable aka lattice
- what is "i" for 0.9% NaCl?
- 1.82
- when comparing one ring with two bromines to a ring with cl and f attached
- dibromine ring has higher tb and tm due to dispersion
- crenation
- shriveling of a cell due to a hypertonic enviroment
- E (A-B) (GreaterTHAN) E (a-a) and E (b-b)
- Negative deviation bc rather react with each other than be loners
- the molecular descriptors which determine strenght of IMI?
- Dipole (electrostatic) Polarizbility (Dispersion) and H accept or donating (Hbonds)
- what charateristics does dextrose have compared to RBC?
- 5% is iso osmotic bc freezes at same temp of .52 but HYPOTONIC
- alkenes vs alkanes BP?
- alkanes= more polarizable= greater BP
- equation to fink -k?
- -ln(a)-ln(b)/(a-b) and remember T = TIME
- For the dissolution process: + Delta S (whats going on and is it favorable?) aka?
- Breaking solute-solute interactions = favorable aka Hydration