Chem-Chap 8
Chemistry Chapter 8 Vocabulary
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- spontaneous process
- process that takes place naturally with no apparent cause or stimulus
- effective collision
- collision that causes a reaction to occur between the colliding molecules
- reaction mechanism
- detailed explanation of how a reaction actually takes place
- stable substance
- substance that does not undergo spontaneous changes under the surrounding conditions
- Le Chatelier's Principle
- position of equilibrium shifts in response to changes made in factors of the equilibrium
- exergonic process
- process that gives up energy as it takes place
- equilibrium constant
- numerical relationship between reactant and product concentrations in a reaction at equilibrium
- catalyst
- substance that changes (usually increases) reaction rates without being used up in the reaction
- equilibrium expression
- equation relating the equilibrium constant and reactant and product equilibrium concentrations
- activation energy
- energy needed to start some spontaneous processes. once started, the processes continue without furthre stimulus or energy from an outside source
- internal energy
- energy associated with vibrations within molecules
- position of equilibrium
- indication of the relative amounts of reactants and products present at equilibrium
- equilibrium concentrations
- unchanging concentrations of reactants and products in a reaction system that is in a state of equilibrium
- endergonic process
- process that gains or accepts energy as it takes place
- entropy
- measurement or indication of the disorder or randomness of a system (the more disorderly, the more entropy)
- heterogeneous or surface catalyst
- catalytic substance normally used in the form of a solid with a large surface area where reactions take place
- reaction rate
- speed of a reaction
- inhibitor
- substance that decreases reaction rates
- state of equilibrium
- condition in a reaction system when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
- homogeneous catalyst
- catalytic substance that is distributed uniformly throughout the reaction mixture