chapter 1
Ch 1 of AP Chem (Chemical Reactivity; Kotz & Treichel) book.
Terms
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- mass-kg, length-m, time-s, temp-K, amount of substance-mol, electrical current- A (ampere), luminous intensity - candela (cd)
- SI Base Units
- properties which depend on the amount of matter present (e.g. mass, volume)
- extensive properties
- states: all matter consists of extremely tiny particles (atoms/molecules), which are in constant motion. Pressure is due to collisions between molecules moving at different velocities.
- kinetic-molecular theory of matter (a.k.a. collision theory)
- the heat required to change a solid to a liquid
- heat of fusion
- the amount of a substance that can dissolve in a given mass or volume of water or other solvent
- solubility
- the susceptibility of a liquid to flow
- viscosity
- the degree of closeness of a measured or calculated quantity to its actual (true) value
- accuracy
- properties which can be observed and measured without changing the composition of a substance. (see table 1.1 p. 17 for examples)
- physical properties
- a completely uniform mixture at the macroscopic level, which consists of two or more substances in the same phase.
- homogeneous mixture (solution)
- properties which do not depend on the amount of matter present (e.g. density, temperature, color)
- intensive properties
- a mixture in which the uneven texture of the material is visible
- heterogeneous mixture
- the heat required to change a liquid to a vapor
- heat of vaporization
- the ease with which a solid can be drawn out into a wire
- ductility
- the ease with which a solid can be deformed (i.e. bent)
- malleability
- the properties which involve chemical changes: (e.g. combustion, reaction w/ water, reaction w/ acid/base, electrolysis)
- chemical properties (of a substance)
- the property of matter that determines whether heat (energy) can be transferred from one body to another and the direction of that transfer: heat energy transfers spontaneously only from a hotter object to a cooler one.
- temperature
- the work (amount of energy transferred by a force) needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its current velocity. The kinetic energy of particles acts to overcome the forces of attraction between the particles.
- kinetic energy (of an object)
- indicates 1) how well several determinations of the same quantity agree. 2) the degree to which measurements or calculations show the same or similar results
- precision (of a measurement)