CHEM 122 - Ch. 4-6
Terms
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- Electrolyte
- A substance that conducts a current when dissolved in water
- Solvated
- Surrounded by water molecules
- Molecular Equation
- Shows all reactants and products as if they were intact, undissolved compounds
- Total Ionic Equation
- Shows all soluble substances dissociated into ions
- Net Ionic Equation
- Shows the actual chemical change (elimination of spectator ions)
- Precipitation Reaction
- Two soluble ionic compounds react to form and insoluble produce (precipitate)
- Metathesis Reaction
- Double-Displacement Reaction
- Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reaction
- Reaction with a net movement of electrons from one reactant to the other. Driving force is from the reactant with less attraction for electrons to the reactant with more attraction for electrons.
- Electron Transfer
- Behavior in a redox reaction that forms and ionic compound
- Electron Shift
- Behavior in a redox reaction that results in a polar molecule
- Boyle's Law
- Volume and Pressure
- Charles's Law
- Volume and Temperature
- Avogadro's Law
- Volume and Moles
- Mole Fraction
- One component's fraction of moles in a mixture
- Root-Mean-Square Speed
- (3RT/M)^(1/2)
- Rate of Effusion or Diffusion
- Rate1/Rate2 = (Molarity2/Molarity1)^(1/2)
- van der Waals Equation
- Adjusts pressure up and volume down to account for intermolecular attraction and molecular volume.
- Thermodynamics
- The study of heat and its transformations
- E
- Internal Energy
- Heat
- q; energy transfer due to difference in TEMPERATURE
- Work
- w; transfer of energy by force
- Law of Conservation of Energy (First Law of Thermodynamics)
- The total energy of the universe in constant
- Pressure-Volume Work
- Type of work in which a volume changes against an external pressure
- State Function
- A property dependent only on the current state of the system, NOT the path the system took to get to that state
- Enthalpy
- H; At constant pressure, this eliminates the need to consider PB work. E + PV
- Heat of Reaction
- H(final) - H(initial)
- Heat Capacity
- The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 GRAM of a substance by 1 K
- Heat absorbed or released (formula)
- q = c * m * change in T
- Thermochemical Equation
- A balanced equation that states the heat of reaction