GENERAL CHEM
Terms
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- colligative properties
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physical properties - usually of dilute solutions.
only depend on #particles, it doesn't matter what those particles are. - 4 basic colligative properties
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-Freezing point depression
-Boiling point elevation
-Osmotic pressure
-Vapor-pressure lowering - 2 types Electrochemical reactions
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1. Spontaneous reactions that produce electrical energy
2. Nonspontaneous rctions that produce chemical change. - conservation of charge
- charge cannot be created or destroyed.
- oxidation
- loss of electrons
- reduction
- gain of electrons
- oxidation # of free elements
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0
elements like N2, P4, S8, He - Oxidation number of Hydrogen:
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When counterion is less electronegative, H is - (NaH, CaH2)
When counterion is more electronegative, H is + (HF, HCl) - 2 types electrochemical cells:
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Galvanic (voltaic)
Electrolytic - Galvanic cells
- aka, voltaic.
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Type of reaction that occurs in
Voltaic cell:
Electrolytic cell: -
Spontaneous.
Nonspontaneous. - Anode
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site of Oxidation
vowels go together - Cathode
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Site of reduction
Consonants go together - electrochemical cell diagram rules
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nutshell:
anode |anode soln||cathode soln |cathode - most prominent characteristic of electrolytic cell reaction type:
- it is nonspontaneous, so requires energy input.
- Faraday
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amount of charge contained in a mole of electrons.
96,487 Coulombs/mol e- = one faraday -
electrode charge designations in
-Voltaic cell
-Electrolytic cell -
Voltaic: anode is negative, cathode is positive.
Electrolytic: anions go to anode -its positive, cations go to cathode -its negative.
Both are still same in that Cathode is Red site, Anode is Oxid site.