InteguSys
Terms
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- What are the major groups of bodily membranes?
- Epithelial and Connective Tissue
- What are the main categories of epithelial membranes?
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Cutaneous
Mucous
Serous - What characterizes mucous membranes?
-
Usually line body cavities that open to exterior (nose/mouth/etc)
Composed of Epithelium resting on a lamina propia, a loose connective tissue membrane
Functions as a Defense Mech; Prevents drying; Lubricates GI tract - Serous Membrane
- Lines body cavity closed to exterior and covers organs w/in cavities
- Serous Membranes: Layers
- Parietal and Pleural
- Serous Membranes: Describe Layers relation to each other
- Think of a fist in a balloon--> balloon to fist is visceral and outer wall of balloon is parietal. visceral covers and attaches organs to cavity
- Serous: Characteristics and Locations
-
Both layers secrete watery, lubricating fluid, serous fluid.
Found in peritoneum (abd cavity); Pleura (lungs)l pericardium (heart) - What is the major type of connective tissue membrane? What is its composition?
- Synovial Membrane. Made of fibrous connective tissue; does _not_ contain epithlial cells
- Synovial Membrane:Location
- Found: Lining cavity of freely moving joint (articular) and also surrounds tendons or forms sacs (bursa)
- Synovial Membrane: Function
- Secrete synovial fluid that lubricates and provides nutrients; bursa cushions and lubricates
- What are accessory sturctures for the cutaneous membrane?
- Sweat glands; oil glands; hairs; nails; sensory structures
- Integument
- Skin or covering
- Basic Skin Functions
-
(1) protection-->6
(2) Regulate Body Temp->sweat
(3) Excretion->Urea
(4) Synth Vitamin D
(5) Blood Reservoir - Protective Functions of Skin
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(1) Mechanical Damage-> Sense Pressure
(2) Chem Damage-> Pain Recep
(3) Bacterial-> Precent invasion/infection
(4) UV-> Melanocytes
(5) Thermal-> hot/cold dam
(6) Desiccation - Structure of Skin: Major layers.
- Epidermis; Dermis; Subcutaneous
- Epidermis: Characteristics
-
Composed of stratified squamous epithelium [keratinizes]
4 major cell types
4-5 layers - Dermis: Characteristics
-
Composed of dense fibrous connective tissue
2 layers - Subcutaneous: Characteristic
- Composed of areolar tissue containing fat cells; anchors skin to underlying organs; shock absorber and insulator
- Epidermis: Major Cell Types
- Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells
- Epidermis: Major Cell Types: Function
- Keratin toughens/waterproofs; Melanin provides pigment snd absorbs UV; Lagerhans interact with WBC [damaged by UV]; Merkel sense touch
- Epidermis: Layers
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4-5;
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Basale - Stratum Basale
-
Deepest Cell Layer;
Continuous cell division;
Single cell layer contains all 4 cells of epidermis - Stratum Spinosum
- 8-10 tightly packed cell layers; mainly keratinocytes, some melano; spine-like projections anchor cells
- Stratum Granulosum
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3-5 cell layers: flatted Keratino
Granules develop in keratinocytes->lipid-rich sealant; transition from metabolically active to dead area - Stratum Lucidum
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3-5 cell layers: clear/flat/dead
Not always present (on palms or soles of feet) - Stratum Corneum
-
20-30 cell layers
Flat & dead-->rub/flake away
Greatest amount of keratin-> fll keratinization. Outermost layer - Skin Coloration
- Comes from Melanin (can be yellow; brown; black)
- Melanocytes
- Priduce Melanin; same number in all races (diff in melan production); Exposure to UV inc production; Protects against UV damage from the sun; excess UV damages skin "leathery"; depress immune sys; skin cancer (?)
- Skin coloration depends on
- Amount/Type of Melanin; Amount of carotene in Stratum Corneum and subcutaneous tissue; Amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin
- Dermis
- Composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers; 2 layers: Papillary and Reticular
- Collagen Fiber
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Found throughout Dermis
Responsible for the toughness of the dermis
Attracts/Binds H20->skin hydration - Elastic Fiber
- Provides elasticity
- Aging
- From loss of collagen and elastic fibers-> skin begins to sag/wrinkle
- Papillary Layer
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Contacts the Stratum Basale
Contains the Dermal Papillae
Contains Meissner's Corpuscles - Dermal Papillae
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*Fingerlike Projections indenting into epidermis
*Increase surface area of papiallary layer (inc area for vascular supply)
*Ridges cause fingerprints - Meissner's Corpuscles
- sensitive to light touch
- Reticular Layer
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*Deepest layer of skin
*Composed of elastin and Collagen - Reticular Layer: How attached?
- Bound to the underlaying organs, bones, muscles via the superficial fascia
- Reticular Layer: Contains
- Blood vessels; Glands (sweat/oil); Pacinian Corpuscles (deep pressure)