Bio-chem intro
Terms
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- molecule
- two or more atoms chemically joined
- element
- substance consisting of only one type of atom
- physical property
- property measured without changing the matter
- solid
- state of matter with the lowest amount of energy
- compound
- two or more elements chemically combined
- plasma
- extremely high energy, where nuclei of atoms are split
- atom
- smallest unit of matter
- chemical property
- property observed by changing the idenityt of matter
- gas
- state of matter where atoms are as spread out as possible
- liquid
- the state of matter where atoms are tightly packed but are moving
- covalent bond
- hold together atoms that share electrons
- how many natural elements?
- 90
- how many elements are necessary to life?
- 25
- neutrons
-
in nucleus (neutral charge)
# of neutrons is atomic mass- atomic number - protons
-
in nucleus (positive charge)
atomic number - electrons
-
orbit nucleus in orbitals (negative charge)
atomic number - isotope
- atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons
- ionic
-
transfer of electrons from one atom to another
produces ions - ions
- charged particles
- cations
- positively charged
- anions
- negatively charged
- reactants
- chemicals mixed in a reaction
- products
- new chemicals formed in a reaction
- hydrogen bonds
-
-attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen and oxygen
-weak bonds
-help hold large molecules together
-gives water its unique properties like cohesion and adhesion - cohesion
- high surface tension
- adhesion
- capillary action- thin tubes
- why ice floats
- less dense when frozen
- high specific heat
- resists temperature change
- evaporation
- very slow
- type of molecule for water
- polar covalent
- polarity
- makes it a good solvent, dissolves substances and forms acids and bases
- mixture
- two or more elements/ compounds evenly distributed but not chemically combined
- homogeneous
- mixture that doesn't show identity of its compounds
- heterogeneous
- mixture that shows identity of its compounds
- solution
- uniformly dissolved, usually see through (homogeneous)
- suspension
- large clumps of molecules floating/ suspended in a liquid
- solute
- substance being dissolved
- solvent
- substance doing the dissolving
- dissociate
- when ionic compounds dissolve in water ions dissociate
-
acids: taste
form what ions?
have what pH? -
-sour
-form hydrogen ions (H+)
-have pH below 7 -
bases: taste
form what ions?
have what pH? -
-bitter, feel slippery
-form hydroxide ions (OH-)
-have pH above 7