-2- micro
Terms
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- Basic Chemistry
- The chemistry of living and nonliving things obey the same laws.
- Vitalism
- Living organisms have special properties (a life force) and are governed by different laws than those that govern inanimate object.
- Mechanism
- A living organism is a "machine" subject to the same physical and chemical laws as inanimate objects.
- atoms
- What is ALL living and nonliving matter made up of?
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Electrons
Nucleus
Atomic number
Atomic weight/mass
Neutral Atom
ion
Isotope
Element
Molecule
Compound - What are the structures of an atom?
- Electrons
- (with a negative charge) orbit the nucleus.
- Nucleus
- Protons have a positive charge and neutrons are uncharged.
- Atomic number
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total # of protons
These are the #'s that are located on the lower left. - Atomic weight/mass
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Total # of protons and neutrons.
These are located on the top left. - Neutral Atom
- Number of electrons = number of protons.
- ion
- A positively or negatively charged atom.
- Isotope
- Different forms of the same element. Nuclei contain the same number of protons but DIFFERENT numbers of neutrons.
- Element
- Matter composed of only one kind of atoms. Can't be broken down further by ordinary chemical means.
- Molecule
- A collection of atoms held together by chemical bonds.
- properties
- A molecule is the smallest part of a substance that still has the __________ of the substance. May be composed of the same or different atoms.
- Compound
- A substance consisting of two or more atoms of different elements and having PROPERTIES different from the elements that compose it.
- Mixtures can be separated by nonchemical means.
- What is the difference btwn Compounds vs. mixtures?
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Solid
Liquid
Gas - What are the states of matter?
- Solid
- Particles (atoms & molecules) are strongly bound to one another. The only motion is vibration and rotation. Maintains a fixed volume and shape.
- Liquid
- When you add heat to a solid (ice cube), what does it turn into?
- Gas
- Particles far apart. No fixed volume or shape.
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Chemical bonds
electron shells
orbitals - Electrons are in constant motion around the nucleus in regions called _______ ______ or energy levels. Electron shells are composed of ________. There is no in btwn.
- higher
- The _______ the energy level of the electron the father away it orbits from the nucleus.
- 2
- No more than ____ electrons can occupy the same orbital at the same time.
- 1st shell
- Max. of 2 electrons
- 2nd shell
- Max. of 8 electrons.
- chemical bonds
- Atoms try to fill up their outermost shell by forming ________ _____.
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Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen - What are the 3 different kinds of chemical bonds?