English Modern
Terms
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- allusion
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indirect reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work
ex: Journey of the Magi
the three trees on the low sky
alludes to the 3 crosses of the crusification - ambiguity
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allow 2 or more divergent interpretations
ex: Elizabeth Bowen's Demon lover
The ending could be explained two different ways. it could be either she's hallucinating because of paranoia or she could have actually seen her former fiance. - diction
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this isn't right, remember to change it. the writer's choice of words.
ex: the diction in William Butler Yeat's The Wild Swans at Coole is very visual and concise. - epiphany
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a character's sudden insight about himself, based on an insignificant detail, forms the climax of the story. not every story has an epiphany.
ex: In James Joyce's Araby when the boy realizes his dream is all unrealistic. - free verse
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no regular rhythm, no rhyme
varied line and stanza lengths
ex:The horses Ted Hughes - Ghost Story
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tale in which part of the past-typically, a dead person- seems to make a supernatural appearnace in the present.
-eerie or mysterious atmosphere
-suggestion that supernatural forces are at work
-possibility that the eerie events have natural explanation
ex: demon lover Elizabeth Bowen - drawing inferences
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the term inference is when the reader has to draw inferences about the meaning from the author's detail and tone since poet doesnt directly say it
demon lover - irony (verbal, situational)
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interesting, amusing, or surprising contadiction.
verbal: an intentional clash between the words chosen to talk about a thing and its reality.
situational: an opposition between the pattern of events and expectations or hopes.
ex: shooting an elephant by george orwell. situational: he is a british police officer yet he thinks what the british are doing is evil
verbal : he calls killing a buddhist priest the greatest joy in the world - modernism
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-objectivity or impersonality, the work is built from images and allusions, not direct thoughts or feelings
-rejection of realistic depictions of life in favor of the use of images for artistic effect
-critical attention to spiritual troubles of modern life
ex: t.s. eliot's hollow men
beacause it doesnt really talk about his feelings and also they are not real people just images - point of view(first, limited 3rd, omniscient 3rd person)
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First- the story is told by a character invovled in the action. Ex: Araby
limted 3rd- narrator is outside of the action but tells the story as it was experienced by one character ex:Clay by James Joyce
-Omniscient: narrator is outside the action and presents more info than any one character could have such as details about the thoughts of a number of characters.
ex: No witchcraft for sale - post-modernism
- 1965-present
- speech elements
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purpose: reason for the speech's presentation.
occasion: the event that inspires it.
audience: those who hear it at the time or later or reads it later.
ex: gandhi's defending n0nviolent resistance - rhetorical devices
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special paterns of language. to make their ideas memorable and to stir emotions.
-repetition
-parallelism
-allusions
-dramatic alternatives- posing of sharply contrasting alternatives.
ex: ghandi's defending nonviolent resistance - style
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a writer's typical way of writing
ex: TS Eliot style is full of allusions and irony - reference
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- symbolism
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an image, character or action that
- stands for something beyond itself.
- gives rise to number of associations.
- intensifies feelings and adds complexity to meaning.
Ex: the wild swans of coole by William Butler Yeats. The swans are symbols of love. - theme
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the central concern, purpose, or question of a literary work by either direct statements or through diction and imagery.
ex:the theme of Journey of the Magi by TS Eliot is the agonizing journey of a man who lived long ago. - tone
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the writer's attitude toward the audience and subject of a work.
EX: the tone of Gandhi's defending nonviolent resistance is passion for the subject and love for the audience. - villanelle
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French poem structure 5x aba ; abaa
iambic pentameter (rhythm)
lines 1+3 repeated as last
lines in alternating tercets
both 1+3 repeated in last
2 lines in quatrain
19 lines
ex: do not go gentle into that good night
dylan thomas - voice
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the sound of the poet on the page.
EX: Hughes The horses, he speaks in small short images, "not a leaf, not a bird."