Basic TV Wk 1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- above the line personel
- a budgetary division reffering to nontechnical personel
- actor
- a person male or female who appears on camera in dramatic roles. Actors always portray someone else
- below the line personnel
- a budgetary division referring to technical personnel
- blocking
- carefully worked-out movement and actions by the talent and for all mobile television equipment
- cue card
- a large, hand lettered card that contains copy, usually held next to the camera lens by the floor personnel
- foundation
- a makeup such as rouge and eye shawdow is applied
- make-up
- cosmetics used to enhance, correct, or change appearance
- nontechnical production personnel
- People concerned primarily with nontechnical production matters that lead from the basic idea to the final screen image. Also called above-the-line personnel
- pancake
- a makeup base, or foundation makeup, usually water soulble and applied with small sponge
- pan stick
- A foundation makeup with grease base.used to cover beard shadow or prominent skin blemish
- performer
- a person who appears on camera non-dramatic shows. Performers play themselves and do not assume someone elses character
- talent
- collective name for all performers and actors who appear regularly on television
- Technical production personnel
- people who operate the production equipment. also called below-the-line personnel.
- telepromter
- a prompting device that projects the moving (usually computer generated) copy ove rthe lens so that the talent can read it without losing eye-contact with the viewer. Also called auto cue
- Television Objectives
-
Audience
entertaining
advertisers for target audience
focus group
pro-social message - Which is more ecpensive film or tape...takes more time?
- film more expensive and takes more time
- format
-
the langth of the show
how you set up the show - camera blocking
- have to decided which shot from which camera you want
- soap operas are taped in...
- segments
- single camera takes--------- to shoot
- longer
- continuity
- keeping thins the same betweeen takes
- the ratio for how much you should shoot is
-
10 to 1
or 13 minutes for a minute 15 second spot - single camera
- production is teped with a single camera allows for maximum creative control
- Post production
-
strike the set
editing
(live on tape ideally should not need editing) - type of camera we have
- sony dxc d35
- Cervo lens
- motor run lens
- full shot
- head to toe
- knee shot
- just abover the knee
- medium shot
- just abover the elbow
- FIst
- 30 seconds
- winding finer
- 15 seconds
- stretch
- keep going
- hand over hand
- speed up
- finger to the nose
- your running out of time
- FIlm is...
-
photographic
Load camera with chemical plastic strip the light hits the strip causing a chemical reaction - film roll---- frames per second
- 24
- persistance of vision
- your brain recongnises it as a continuous picture
- VIdeo is...
-
an electronic process
it breaks the picture into pixels that convert the light into electrical signals - the tube that converts light into electrical signals
- cathode ray tube
- the electron beam scans......lines
- 525
- it scans in-----
- interlace it scans the even then the odds
- it gives you the odd then the even field in --- of a second
- 1/60th
- on video there are--- frames per second
- 30
- kinoscope
- tape film off of a tv
- tvs limitations
-
shape limitation ( 3 by 4)
size limitation (small screen) - Moire effect
- rainbow of colors that vibrate
- High resolution
- has lots of fine detail
- low resolution
- simple detail
- NTSC
- national television systems committee
- the ntsc selected
- the first color system for the country which was RCAs system
- the three colors of television are..
- red green and blue
- if you mix red and green you get...
- yellow
- if you mix red and blue...
- magenta
- if you mix green and blue ...
- Cyan
- if you mix all three color green blue and red you get...
- white
- Hue
- tint of the color
- saturation
- purity or the strength
- luminance
- same as the brightness
- Types of internal optics
- prisms, Mirrors, striped filter, pirsims are the best
- the internal optics...
- split the colors into their primary color
- PAL
- another form of tv system Phase alternate line
- SECAM
- another form of TV system SEquential color and memory
- the tv system differed because...
-
of political, economic and engineering reasons
Isolation,different power system,wanted to support there engineers - NTSC countries
- canada,costa rica,japan
- PAL countries
- sweden, england, germany, poland, italy
- SECAM countries
- france
- PAL and Secam have---- lines
- 625
- we are leavign NTSC and moving to---
- HD
- HDTV
- 1080 i...1080 line using interlances scanning has 30 frames per second has a 9 by 16 frame and has cd quality sound
- 720p
- 720 line scans in progressive (line by line)
- 480
- standard digital it is progressive so it reads the lines in order
- which takes up more space in the spectrum digital or analog
- analog
- the lights needed for indoor lighting of wkus studio camera
- 3200k
- for outhdorr lighting
- 5600k 1/8nd
- outdoor cloudy light
- 5600k
- outdorr extreme light
- 5600k 1/64nd
- nd in 5600k i/64nd stands for
- neutral density
- the fstop changes...
- the iris opening
- the widest the fstop opens to is
- f- 1.8
- the smallest the fstop opens to is
- f-16
- depth of field
- area of exceptable focus across different plans of depth
- shallow depth
- one object is in focus
- the depth of field is shaped by
-
1) iris setting (fstop)
2) distance between camera and object
3)focal length - focal length
- the distance from the center of the optics to the target plate measured in mm
- the shorter focal length...
- the greater the depth of field
- the longer the focal length...
- the more shallow the depth of field
- Rack focus
- change in focus
- in ---- the analog signal will be turned off
- 2009
- the electromagnetic spectrum has never....
- been sold before
- arc
- to move the camera in a slightly curved dolly or truck
- CAm head
- a camera mounting head for heavy cameras that permits extremely smooth tlts and pans
- cant
- tilting the shoulder mounted or ahndheld camera sideways
- crab
- sideways motion of the camera cranes dolly base
- crane
- motion pictures camera support
- boom
- to move the camera up or down
- dolly
- move the camera toward or away from the subject
- fluid head
- most popular moving camera head allows for smooth tilts and pans
- high hat
- cyloindricla camera head that can be bolted to a dolly or sckenery no need for a tripod or pedestal
- jib arm
- permits the operator to raise loweer tougue (SIDEWAYS) the camera while tilting and panning
- monopod
- a single pole you can mount a camera on
- pan
- to turn the camera horizontaly
- pedestal
- heavy camera dolly that permits raising and lowering the camera while in the air
- quick release plate
- mounting plate used to attatch camocordered and eng cameras to a fluid head
- robotic pedestal
- guided by computerised system this can store and execute a great number of camera moves
- spreader
- a triangular base mount that provided stabillity and locks the tripod tips in the place to prevent the legs from spreading
- steadicam
- camera mount whose built-in springs hold the camera steady while the operator moves
- tilt
- to point the camera up and down
- tougue
- to move the boom or jib arm with the camera from left to right or right to left
- track
- another name for truck
- tripod
- a three legged camera mount. can be connected to a dolly for easy maneiverability
- truck
- to move the camera laterally from left to right or vise vera
- wedge mount
- wedge shaped plate attatched to the bottom of a studio camera used to attach heavier cameras
- zoom
- to change the len in order to get a closer picture
- z axis
- line representing an extension of the lens from the camera to the horizon the depth deminsion
- two shot
- framing of two people
- three shot
- framing of three people
- shot sheet
- a list of every shot a paticular camera has to get. it is attatched to the camers to help the camera operator remember the shot sequance
- over the sholder shot
- camera person looks over a persons shoulder at another person
- noseroom
- the space left in frount of a person looking or pointing toward the edge of the screen
- leadroom
- the space left in front of a person or an object moving toward the edge of the screen
- headroom
- the space left between the top of the head and the upper screen edge
- follow focus
- maintaining the focus of the lens in a shallow depth of field so the image in continously kept sharp
- extreme long shot
- shows the object from a great distance
- cross shot
- shows the object with very tight frameing
- closure
- mentally filling in spaces of an incomplete picture
- bust shot
- framing of a person from the upper torso to the top of the head
- automatic gain control
- regulates the volume of the audio or video level automaticly without using manual controls
- 480p
- the loweset resolution of DTV it has 480 lines and is progressive (it scanns line by line
- 1080i
-
1080 lines scans it in interlaced frame is formed by two scanning fields
this is HDTV - analog
- a signal that fluctuates exactly like the original stimulus
- aspect ratio
- the width to height proportion; ANalog is 3 by 4 : HDTV is 9 by 16
- Binary
- a number system with the base of two
- binary digit (bit)
- the smallest amount of information a computer can hold. A charge is represented by a one, zero or nothing
- coding
- to change the quantizzed values into the binary code
- compression
- reducing the amount of data to be stored or transmitted by using coding schemes that pack the data into les space
- decoding
- the reconstruction of video from the code
- digital
- usually means the binary system the representation of data
- digital television
- has higher resolution
- quantizing
- a step that digitalization of an analog signal
- downloading
- the transfer of files that are sent in data packets
- field
- a location away from the studio
- RGB
- red green and blue the basic colors of television
- refresh rate
- the number of complete digital scanning cycles per second
- streaming
- a way of delevering and recieving digital audio or video continously as the delievery is in progree
- feed
- signal transmission from one program source to another
- contrast range of analog tv
- 40:1
- contrast range of Hdtv
- 100:1
- limitations of TV
- Small screen (closeups and medium shots) Aspect ratio (3x4, 9x16) Resolution (525 lines good lighting) contrast range (40:1, 100:1)
- video tape gets...
- 30 frames per second
- internal optics...
- split color into its primary tv color
- indoor lighting
- 3200k
- outdoor lighting
- 5600k 1/8nd
- outdoor cloudy
- 5600k
- outdoor extreme
- 5600k 1/64nd
- nd
- neutral density
- Focul length
- distance from the center of the optics to the target place measured in mm
- shorter the focul length...
- ...the greater the depth of field
- long focal length...
- ...shallow depth of field
- iris setting
- measured in Fstops
- F-16
- give you a closer depth of fild; smallest opening
- F-1.8
- largest opening
- in 2009...
- ...the analog signal will be turned off
- focul length of 25mm is a...
- normal lens; medium
- focul length of less than 25 mm
- short lens; wide angle
- focul length greater than 25mm
- long lens
- focal length of 100mm and beyond
- telephoto lens
- telephots lens
- makes movement slower toward the camera; objects in the distande look larger; space between objects compress
- short lens
- objects look further apart; movement is faster toward the camera; objects closer to the camera look larger
- fish eye lens
- 180 panorama view
- lens splitter
- bifocal lens; in focus from close-up to far away
- star burst
- light reflecting off metal creates little stars
- Diffusion filter
- sofens the light also sofens wrinkles
- netral density
- this blocks out some of the light
- contrast filter
- either focus' on the white or the dark normally it concentrates on the white first
- the human eye can see...
- 1000 to 1
- a soft contrast filter...
- pulls the whites down
- a low contrast filter...
- ....pulls up the dark
- televisoion has trouble reproducing...
- reds
- to help resolution stick to....
- bold simple lines
- smear
-
bright light with low light
for a birthday cake smear the in studio camera candles would have to be 250 foot - Gain
- allows you to push the electronics to pick up and image
- p.L.
- stands for private line or phone line
- line-out
- the line that carries the final video or audio output for broadcast
- line moniter
- the moniter that shows only the line out pictures
- beam splitter
- compact internal optical system of prisims that dvided the color into RGB
- how many candles would be needed to light our studio
- 250 foot candles
- sync pulses
- electronic pulses that syncronise the scanning in the various wideo origination sources
- shading
- adjusting picture contrast to the optimal contrast range; controlling the color and the black and white levels
- pixel
- short for picture lement, the more picture elements the higher the picture quality
- signal to noise ratio
- the relation of the strength of desired signal to to the accompanying electronic interferance; a high s/n ratio is desirable
- aperture
- iris opening of a lens usually measured in f-stops
- calibrate
- to keep the lens in focus throughout the zoom
- Four stages of PRoduction
-
preproduction
setup and rehersal
production
postproduction - parts of setup
-
set construction
hang and focus lights
audio setup
prepare video and film playbacks - Parts of rehersal
-
cry rehersal
camera blocking
run-through
dress rehersal - LIVE production
- program starts and ends according to preplanned airtime
- Live on tape
- production proceeds through without stops.edit only in special cases
- Taped in segments
- production is tped in short segments with multiple cameras. shooting schedule is planned for maximum convenience and effeciency
- multiple camera
- all editing done postproduction; each camera goes to seperate vtr
- postproduction things to do
-
studio strike
video tape editing
audio sweetening
evalutation of program to see if it met its objectives - Range extender
- an optical attatchment to the zoom lens that extendes its focal length
- minumum object distance
- how close the camera can get to an object and still focus on it
- macro position
- a lens settign that allows it to be focuded and very close distances
- narrow angle lens
- agives a close up view of an event relatively far away from the camera
- slow lens
- a lens that permits relatively small amount of light through its maximum aperture...can only be used in well lighted areas
- selective focus
- emphasizing ans object in a shallow depth of field through focus while keep the foreground and or backround out of focus
- servo zoom control
- zoom control that activates motor driven mechanisms
- fast lens
- a lens that permits a relatively great amount of light to pass through at its maximum aperture...can be used in low light conditions
- field of view
- the portion of the secene visible through a paticular lens
- CCU
- camera control unit ( this eneables the video operator to adjust the camera picture during the show)
- CCD
- sharged coupled device (the chip that is the imaging elements in a television camera)
- Chromance channel (c-channel)
- consists of the three colors of television REd GREEN BLUE
- contrast ratio
-
the difference between the brightest and darkest portion in the picture.
tv is 40 to 1 (the brightest spot in the picture should not be fourty times that of the darkest part) - white balance
- the adjustments of the color circuits in the camera to produce a white color in lighting of various color temperatures
- Electronic Cinema
- a high defenition camera that has the frame rate of 24 frames per second
- sampling
- the process of reading from an analog signal many spaced portions for conversion into digital code
- tapeless system
- recording etc. of video onto a computer rather than video tape
- EFP
- electronic field production- television production outside of the studio
- ENG
- Electronic news gathering- transmitted live or immidiately after postproduction (requires setup)
- intercom
- intercommunication system; used by productiona nd technical personaell to communicate via headphones etc.
- preview monitor
- any moniter that show the next source of video
- program speaker
- a loudspeeker in the control room that controls the program sound
- studio talkback
- a public adress system form the control room to the studio