APUSH Ch. 16 Studyguide
Terms
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- Liberal religious belief, held by many of the Founding Fathers, that stressed rationalism and moral behavior then Christian revelation
- Deism
- Religious revival that began on the frontier and swept eastward, stirring en evangelical spirit in many areas of American life
- The Second Great Awakening
- The two religious denominations that benefited from the evangelical revivals of the early nineteenth century
- Methodist and Baptists
- Religious group founded by Joseph Smith that eventually established a cooperative commonwealth in Utah
- Mormons; Church of Latter Day Saints
- Memorable 1848 meeting in New York where women made an appeal based on the Declaration of Indepedence
- Women's Rights Convention
- Commune established in New Harmony, Indiana by Scottish industrialist Robert Owen
- Utopia
- Intellectual commune in Massachusetts based on "plain living and high thinking"
- The Brook Farm experiment
- Jefferson's stately home in Virginia, which became a model of American classical architecture
- Monticello
- New York literary movement that drew on both local and national themes
- Knickerbocker group?
- Philosophical and literary movement, centered in New England, that greatly influenced many American writers of the early nineteenth century
- Transcendentalist movement
- The doctine, promoted by American writer Henry David Thoreau in an essay of the same name, that later influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.
- On the Duty of Civil Disobedience
- Walt Whitman's shocking collection of emotionals poems
- Leaves of Grass
- A disturbing New England masterpiece about adultery and guilt in the old Puritan era
- The Scarlet Letter; Nathaniel Hawthorne
- The great but commercially unsuccessful novel about Captain Ahab's obsessive pursuit of a white whale
- Moby Dick; Herman Melville
- The masterpiece of New England writer Louisa May Alcott
- Little Women (1868)
- Radical New York commune that practiced "complex marriage" and eugenic birth control
- Oneida colony
- Bold, unconventional poet who celebrated American democracy
- Whitman?
- The "Mormon Moses" who led persecuted Latter Day Saints to their promised land in Utah
- Brigham Young
- Influential evangelical revivalist of the Second Great Awakening
- Charles G. Finney
- New York writer whose romantic sea tales were more popular than his dark literary masterpience
- James Fenimore Cooper
- Long-lived early American religious sect that attracted thousands of members to its celibate communities
- Shakers
- Idealistic Scottish industrialist whose attempt at communal utopia failed
- Robert Owen
- Second-rate poet and philosopher, but first-rate promoter of transcendentalist ideals and American culture and scholarship
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Eccentric southern-born genius whose tales of mystery, suffering and the supernatural departed from general American literary trends
- Edger Allen Poe
- Reclusive New England poet who wrote about love, death, and immortality
- Emily Dickinson
- Quietly determined reformer who substantially improved conditions for the mentally ill
- Dorothea Dix
- Leading feminist who wrote the "Declaration of Sentiments" in 1848 and pushed for women's suffrage
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Novelist whose tales of family life helped economically support her own struggling transcendentalist family
- Louisa May Alcott
- Path-breaking American novelist who contrasted the natural person of the forest with the values of modern civilization
- Herman Melville
- Quaker women's rights advocates who also strongly supported abolition of slavery
- Susan B. Anthony and Lucretia Mott
- Best known of the Methodist "circuit riders" or travelling frontier preachers. Called upon sinners to repent from Tennessee to Illinois
- Peter Cartwright
- Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education. He campaigned effectively for better education
- Horace Mann
- "Schoolmaster of the Republic" He improved textbooks
- Noah Webster
- Women's schools at secondary level becan to attain some respectability in thw 1820s, thanks to to the dedicatedd work of _. In 1821, she established TROY FEMALE SEMINARY
- Emma Willard
- Established Mount Holyoke Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts (women's school)
- Mary Lyon
- Created in 1828; society with a ringing declaration of war on war. Leaders: William Ladd
- American Peace Society
- The Senenca Falls Convention launched the modern women's rights movement with its call for
- Equal rights, including the right to vote
- The Brook Farm experiment inspired Nathaniel Hawthorne's classic novel: _ whose main character was modeled on the feminist writer Margaret Fuller
- The Blithedale Romance (1852)
- Rhode Islander artist who produced several American portraits of Washington
- Gilbert Stuart
- Marylander who painted 60 portraits or Washington
- Wilson Peale
- Artist who recaptured scenes and spirit on scores of striking canvases.
- John Trumbull
- After War 1812, American painters of portraits turned increasingly from human landscpares to
- Mirroring of local landscapes (Hudson River school excelled in this art)
- Contributed to American folk music by capturing the plaintive spirit of the slaves
- Stephen C. Foster
- First American to win internatioanl recognition as a literary figure. Published Knickerbocker's History of New York
- Washington Irving
- Many of the American utopian experiments of the early nineteenth century focused on
- communal economics and alternative sexual arrangements
- "Father of American History" He published a spirited, superpatriotic history of the US to 1789
- George Bancott
- Cause: The Second Great Awakening
- Effect:
- Cause: The Mormon practice of polygamy
- Effect: Aroused persecution from morally traditionalist Americans and delayed statehood for Utah
- Cause: Women abolitionists' anger at being ignored by male reformers
- Effect: Led to expanding te crusade for equal rights to include women
- Cause: The women's rights movement
- Effect:
- Cause: Unrealistic expectations and conflict within perfectionist communes
- Effect: Caused most utopian experiments to decline or collapse in a few years
- Cause: The Knickerbocker and transcendentalist use of new American themes in their writing
- Effect: Created the first literature genuinely native to America
- Cause: Henry David Thoreau's theory of "civil disobience"
- Effect: Inspired later practitioners of nonviolence like Ghandi and King
- Cause: Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass
- Effect: Captured in one long poem the exuberant and optimistic spirit of popular American democracy
- Cause: Herman Melville's and Edgar Allen Poe's concern with evil and suffering
- Effect: Made their works little understood in their lifetimes by generally optimistic Americans
- Cause: The Trascendentalist movement
- Effect: Helped inspire writers like Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Magaret Fuller
- Period before the civil war
- Antebellum Period
- Community based off Charles Fourier's theories of people sharing work and living arrangements
- Fourier Phalanxes