Western Civ Classics
Everything through 10/24/2008 (Midterm 1)
Terms
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- Torah outlines
- code of behavior under notion that they have special relationship with God
- Greece
- not contested area, arid, rocky, many mountains, communicate by sea
- Deed of Grant
- something given EX: land of canaan given to Jews
- Golden Race
- talked about by Hesiod, when Gods and man lived together, followed by silver and bronze races
- Hybris
- arrogant violence; attitude leads to breaking rules and getting on wrong side of Gods
- Prelapsarian
- before origonal sin
- Jews violently reacted against
- more wealthy an dprosperous cultures
- Eros
- one of first personalities of God created because universe is sexually generated
- Example of Phthonos
- Adam and Eve expelled from garden so can't become God like
- Mysogyny
- dislike of women (in hesiod's works and Greece)
- Akkadian
- language of trade law, different dialects
- Homers view of past is deeply ironic because
- he knows this is the last generation before the collapse and suspects it is from bad values
- Topos
- Standard formula, ex: "you are best God among rest"
- Babylon
- excess
- Achilles is
- brilliant, provacative, easily enraged
- Timocracy
- power based on prestige and clout, Greece was
- The 'Rape' of helen
- Paris goes to sparta on a trade mission, fall sin love with Helen an dtakes her back to Troy
- Mythos
- wannabe fact thats repeated over and over, has symbolic value
- 900 BC
- dark age ending, time of reinvention
- First world in greek Illiad
- Wrath because that is most interesting and what its about
- Hesiod's real name
- Louie, switched because it was better for stage
- Tablet 1
- G hubris, creation of Enkidu to stabalize G's hubris
- what did Hesiod realize
- Greece has no protreptic scripture and sets out to write it
- God came to Abraham
- told him an dwife Sara to move to Canaan
- Arrival of Indo Europeans
- agressive warriors, brought God Zeus, Sky God, sexually aggressive, patriarchal
- Primus Inter Pores
- First among equals
- herioc Legends
- Projective and Symbolic System
- Illiad is not triumphalist
- its a glilttering world of a people who will end in shreds
- read at Babylonian new year
- Enuma Elish
- Renascene
- rebirth of anything
- parts of creation story
- similes, flood, invention of beer and wines, currency
- Hesiods Works and Days
- Proem, theogany, cosmogany, sexual theme, theomachy
- The Apple of Discord
- Paris must chose which Goddess- Athena, Hera, Aphrodite gets apple. Give to aphrodite because she offers sexual irresistability
- theological Formations
- form over time, usually Gods have relationships, develope a power ranking expressed by first among equals
- where did urbanization begin
- Lower Mesopotamia in small villages
- Classical peiod
- 490-323 goes til death of alexander the great. Time of great writings
- Torah tells story of
- how group came into being, relations with diety, Covenant
- Incipit
- initial rule of how it must start
- henotheism
- belief that your God can "beat up" all other Gods...Christianity has these tendancies
- History of races
- given by Hesiod through Iron Age
- don't murder
- excludes genocide Ex: deuteronomy
- Constitutive Story
- constitutes an identity, can be used about a text, mythos, creature
- Enkidu is
- androgenous, both sexes, long hair
- Epos
- type of poem, usually an epic, tells story of hero in past, larger than life
- Polythetic
- variety of features which constitute civilization
- Argonautica
- story of jason's collection of men to get the Golden Fleece. generation before Illiad
- concentration of social behaviors
- defines Illiad, people have an economy of prestige not monetary wealth
- Supplication
- most frequently used motif, either accepted or rejected
- Torah is compromise text
- compilation, many things left unclear, has motive
- Hesiod tells
- dismall myths, nature based, Gods not all powerful, economic rather than theocratic
- Tablet 2
- G/E wrestle, kill monsters, Humbaba, Cedar forest
- no adultery
- but ok to have sex with slave girl, in war can rape women of other group
- Noachic Covenant
- God makes rainbow as sign that no more floods will happen, preservation for people
- Yamm
- various names given to rival that God defeats
- Illiads themes
- wrath and Achillead
- Dark Age
- time after collapse, no story telling survived
- Title enuma elish
- from first two words in story
- Liminal
- threshold female figures (Shamhat and Siduri)
- Time'
- prestige
- Iron Age
- little trade, cities don't exist, dark ages,
- hesiod adapts
- old stories and songs, puts them in his book
- In enuma elish
- Gods make decision in an assembly
- Hebrews sacred history is
- an attempt to set themselves apart
- Iraq
- Babylon and Assyria
- Philistines
- Canaan sub group, successful tribe, one of the hebrew adversaries
- Symbolic Seductions
- sex initition, bread, clothes, beer=entrance to civilization
- Direct Advocacy
- important in religion, someone who bridges gap between God and man
- WD
- fundamentally pagan, system not just 1 God with power
- Polytheistic featture
- each of three periods of urbanization seperated by periods of collapse
- Death of Hector
- Achilles slays hector. Followed by sack of troy
- succession myth in WD
- backbone of theophany
- Jews were seperatist group
- trying to create identity which was hard
- Myth of Pandora
- told by Hesiod, she is created as a balancing evil since Promethius gave man fire
- 1200
- collapse of bronze age
- Archaic Greece
- 776-490 beginnning of historic age, starts with Homer's writings ends with defeat of persians
- Theomachy
- battle among Gods
- In monotheistic
- Head God is not subject to nature
- System Collapse caused by
- rupture in communication, cities, education falling back
- Armature
- frameowrk on which story is built
- Illiad is poem of misbehavior
- but there is also some good behavior
- Gilgamesh is
- 2/3 divine, 1/3 man, man of joy and woe-bipolar
- Decalogue
- 10 commandments
- Tablet 3
- E will accompany G-he is mentor and compliments where G may be lacking
- 32 BCE
- Mesopotamia took off
- Language
- learning proper language, not just vernacular
- Antediluvian
- before the water shed event (flood)
- Religion is
- historic compilation
- Theophany
- appearance of God to a person, when prophet is annointed
- Torah
- creation of a code of laws and a master narrative
- Proem
- preface, elaborate scene
- Tablet 4/5
- kills monster
- Western Civ
- Cyprus, sopper place
- History makes truth claims whereas
- mythos are just words
- Double Causation
- events can be looked at from 2 points of view, often human and divine
- Polis
- small powers that don't extend too far
- Crete
- Minoan, zeus turned into bull, kidnapped Europa and took her to crete
- hero is
- one of extreme emotion
- 10 commandments are
- stipulations of that Mosaic Code
- Entropic
- Iron age because generations decline not progress
- Arete
- superlative excellence in a specific field
- Genesis is very silent about Yamms
- but later on it comes out a bit because it is such a great praising story
- Initiation
- hero starts from home and must go on adventure, has companion who is usually darker and linked to nature
- Levant
- lands adjacent to eastern med, contested ground because fertile
- Illiad is
- composite story, foundational text, not protreptic
- Logos
- systematic account which ceases upon reason as its justification, truth claim
- Provision
- where kept and when read
- Canaan
- area in levant, area of Jews
- begin narrative with
- break up of large powers into tribal powers each trying to control others
- Holy Scriptures
- raise more questions than they answer
- Story of babel
- Phthonos, can't have people getting into heaven
- Hebrew creation tries
- to put start at beginning of time which is a deliberate contrast from others
- Antropic
- tending to decay
- Enuma Elish
- written in Acadian dialect, top God is Margo. first word is when
- Troy is located
- along Dardanelles (strait) but people are hellenized so trojan war is almost an internal struggle
- Phthonos
- envy, built into relationship between God and man
- Jewish community is distinguished by
- sectarian violence
- Mother and Father of Achilles
- Thetis (sea nymph) and Peleus (mortal)
- Pelasgians
- aboriginal inhabitants of Greece, did copper catsings
- Isrealites don't talk of personal immortality
- instead survival of the group, part of identity
- Etiological Story
- tells origin of something
- helladic
- bronze age greece
- Prophet
- person who speaks forth, gives framework to understand humanity and master narrative
- Kudos
- its what makes you proud, makes you swell, get it from arate
- Torah tells
- what to do with clear implications for actions
- Polemic
- divergent account, Ex bible against other religious myths
- theomachy
- Gods start querrelling among selves
- pluralism
- all kinds of people come from all over
- Boon
- prize that must be stolena dn bestowed on mankind
- Canaan is
- pluralist and syncretist
- memory of a flood
- is elevated to metaphysical heights and is thought to be punishment for sins
- Torah is less consistent because
- compilation and compromise
- creation epic is
- an initiation of human story entering cosmos
- Boon in Gilgamesh epic
- underwater plant, stolen by serpent, G returns empty handed but is still hero
- Sexual Theme in Pagan Creation
- each God has gender, head God usually male but matriarch can be powerful too
- Ethos
- destiny, you are destined to do things your character would do
- 2000-1200
- states in competition, bible and Homer
- Late helladic (LH)
- 1600-1200 ends with system collapse. Era with Trojan War
- Preamble
- names leader, tells good things leader has already done
- Illiad is constituitive
- its definitive for the group he was writing to
- First book of Iliad
- see notes from class
- Syncretism
- adopt customs of people around them
- Blessings and Curses
- people give oath that they will follow...or else
- Illiad is set
- during late bronze age right before systems collapse
- Tablet 8
- Dark Journey-G goes to see Udnapishin (noah) then underworld where wis eperson can advise
- Hellenic
- generic greece
- Postlapsarian
- after human sin
- Isaac
- means "he laughed" because Sara laughed at telling that she would have kid
- Revolt in Israel
- babylon king took hostages and uprooted them to babylon, tragic period in Jew history
- Stipulations
- general allegiance and specific things people must do
- Jewish religions is
- pluralist, syncretistic, hard to maintain seperation
- Fertal Crescent
- Sumer through Syria to Levant
- Middle Helladic (MH)
- 2100- 1600 period of stagnation, first europeans arrived, aggressive warriors, time of great change and little progress
- Protreptic
- telling someone how to behave; Torah is very
- De Facto Amnesty
- a forgetting of things good or bad; allows new focuses
- No stealing
- but jews can steal from egyptians on way out
- 3800-2800 BC
- Shuts down flow of goods, money, eliminates jobs, causes migration
- 1200 B.C.
- System collapse...decresed population
- Phonecian Gods
- sky God, El, Ba'al
- Foundational Text
- contains in narrative form things about greeks
- Stories told in past because
- seeing our own sircumstances put on a past culture is enjoyable
- In Medias res
- in the middle of things, Illiad is from middle of Trojan Cycle
- Illiad is different from scripture because
- It is not protreptic, we ahve to do all the thinking
- Doctrine at Torah's heart
- God has promised all Canaan to one group
- Repetition
- standard dynamic of composition
- hellenistic
- Greek civilization became culture of Med. after Alex the Great
- Constant
- fundamental distrust in authority
- Hesiod's works
- attempt to combine Farmers almanac and advice to brother Perseus (a lecture)
- Sectarian Violence
- more of a monotheistic pathology because less compromise and less syncrenization
- Olympic Games
- Panhellenic games, in honor of Zeus, religious games, earliest shared identity, alternative to war
- Sumerian
- use of writing gave rise to literary traditions
- Homeric neutrality viewpoint
- Overall he doesn't favor greeks over trojans or one charcter over another
- Tablet 8 cont
- Siduri says G should go to family, crosses river, must stay awake, fails
- Mosaic Code
- different format from Abraham covenants, based on legal format
- Paleolithic
- Had great art but incomparable culture
- 3 interpretations of commanments
- Ritual, Communal, Universal
- 2800-2000 BC
- spread of cuniform (language is Sumerian)
- After bronze age
- comes iron age
- cultural limitation
- greeks won't accept blame for anything
- Hesiod writes about
- Eris-strife, 2 kinds 1. Bad is smash and grab: wealthy by means of conquest 2. driven by envy is good makes people work
- Patronymic
- son of someone
- Hellenistic Period
- 323-32 greece is province of Rome, conside selves Romans, turning point in greek identity
- Mythos
- probably more polemic at first and becomes accepted over time
- Babylonian main Gods
- Anu, Ea, Marduk...each has a child who overthrows them
- Bible is all about identity
- built on necessity for identity
- Illiad is interogative poem
- you have to come up with answers an dmake decisions
- A dissenting narrative
- so omits certain things such as battle in heaven
- Pagan creation has succession myths
- one God overthrows another, Gods are a political group
- In Pagan
- head God lives with in boundaries of nature, must maintain power through theomachy
- Quarrels
- while at sea, shows competitive spirit of greeks
- Tablet 6
- Ishtar tried to seduce G, he rejects her, she is furious and sends Bull of heaven
- Paradigm
- example
- Tablet 7
- Gods decide one must die...E dies (sacrifice)
- Paris is sometimes called
- Aleksandrov
- Mythology
- stories of how things came into being
- His is a realist writer so
- he writes about humans but involves Gods, doesn't deal with supernatural
- Hesiod is a
- singer song writer, rose in shadow of Homer
- Advantages of System Collapse
- 1. De facto amnesty 2. theocratic 3. Greece is mutant culture 4. invented dif. institutions 5. Polis created
- Achillead
- story of life and death of Achilles
- in theophany you get
- a sign example a Rod or staph
- Witnesses
- Gods of suzeraign and entities of nature
- Law Codes
- created as civilization is created
- Stories are_ in monotheism
- nonnegotiable whereas Pagan myths can be changed and new ones formed
- Shibboleth
- password that you need to pronounce correctly
- Composites
- great epics include material from several phases/episodes
- Babylon
- largest city in world, most successful economy til then
- After when comes
- naming of the people
- Riverine
- flooding of Nile or area between Tigris and Euphrates
- Mythos
- "to say utter" encodes something we need to know even though we don't believe the entire story
- Usual prophet is
- ordinary person, must be ordained
- Sodom and Gomorrah
- God was going to destroy but Abraham could find only one righteous man, Lot and saved him from the destruction
- Hittite Gods
- Anu, Kumarbi, storm God
- Creation Narratives
- start with "when" and have incipit
- Nostoi
- stories of surviving greek warlords getting home
- Illiad differs from bible
- bible cares very little about motives whereas illiad is obsessed with them, with ethos(character)
- Sexual Theme
- must come into story
- Greek Main Gods
- Ouranos, Kronos, Zeus
- Hittite Suzerainty Treaty
- treaty with overlord for protection
- Neolithic Revolution leads to
- a revolution in 3500 BC
- Hesiod wrote in
- 700 BCE
- Story of Adam and Eve
- one of stories that seperates God and human
- Aristos
- the best, a product of arete
- Format of Treaty
- preamble, Stipulations, provisions, Witnesses, Blessings and Curses
- Syncretistic
- like many other groups
- Diaspora
- a scattering...Hebrews scattered from time to time, makes sacred histroy more important
- Illiad is essentially secular
- the Gods are secondary and symbolic, comic because they can't die
- Pluralist
- couldn't tell by race
- Decalogue Rules
- inside tribe but doesn't spply outside
- Assembly at Aulis
- war lords meet, Agamemnon is leader and kills sacred deer of Artemis, winds won't change and they can't leave to fight war, a. sacrifices daughter
- Theocratic
- makes claim to divine rights is discontinued, Greece becomes secular, people didn't appeal to Gods
- Main settling of wealth in Anatolia
- along shore but also in important cities
- 3 cultural elements by end of bronze age
- 1. Pelagians 2. Indo Europeans 3. Mycenean, Athens, Attica, Sparta, all influenced by Minoans
- Neolithic
- developed fixed communities, crops grew from irrigation, less hunter/gatherer dependance
- Trojan Cycle
- collection of stories
- Protreptic Scriptures
- wisdom stories
- tetragrammation
- the four letters JHWH that unpacked make Yahweh
- Monolatry
- same as henotheism
- factors that help lead to mutant culture
- 1. temperal distance 2. geographic distance
- Postdeluvian
- after flood event
- Shamhat
- temple prostitute civilizes Enkidu
- Logos
- its truth claims are structured logically
- Illiad is not a master narrative
- he is ort of trying to create a new kind of master narrative that makes a statement about how people behave
- Parabolic plot
- returns to beginning
- Bible is
- reformed babylonian creation myth BUT takes place at beginning of time. Polemic
- Babylonian Law code
- has sense of proportion...an eye for an eye
- Monetary Systems
- Projective and Symbolic Systems
- when story starts with when
- implies that there was something before; nature existed
- 12 tribes of israel
- often only united in names but had interest creating strong nation
- humans are not center of universe
- they exist incidental to Gods; humans die but Gods don't
- Hegemonic
- civilization everyone follows implicitly though sometimes rebeliously
- Early Helladic (EH)
- 3000-2100 agriculture increased, sustain larger population, expansion, pelasgians, use of metal
- world of genesis is serious
- world of greek gods is comical
- Oral Formulation Discourse
- doesn't distinguish between one word and a phrase
- Projective and Symbolic Systems
- things that happen as civilization becomes
- cosmogony
- descendance of divinity, developement of personalities of Gods
- Mycenean Greece
- end of bronze age
- Koine
- common system,any commonality of beliefs