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Chem final 2 2

Terms

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nonpolar covalent bond
a covalent bond in which the bodning electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge (0-5% ionic character, difference of 0-.3)
polar
having an uneven distribution of charge
nonpolar covalent bonds ionic character
0-5%
nonpolar covalent bonds difference in electronegativity
0-.3
polar-covalent bond ionic character
5-50%
polar covalent bonds difference in electronegativity
.3-1.7
Ionic covalent ionic character
50-100%
ionic covalent dif. electronegativity
1.7-3.3
bond energy
the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms
Lattice energy
the energy released when the positive and negative ion pairs arrange themselves into an organized crystal lattice
Polyatomic ion
a charged group of covalently bonded atoms that combine with ions of the opposite charge to form ionic compounds
manner in which metallic bond strength is tested
heat of vaporization
dipole-dipole forces
forces of attraction between polar molecules
hybridization
the mixing of 2+ atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new orbitals of equal energies
hybrid orbitals
orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of 2+ orbitals on the same atom
VSEPR stands for...
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
VSEPR theory states..
repulsion between the sets of valence shell electrons surrounding an atom causes three sets to be oriented as far apart as possible
Total # electron pairs = 2
linear
total # electron pairs = 2, + 1 loose electrons
bent
total # electron pairs = 3
trigonal planar
total # electron pairs = 3, + 1 loose electrons
Trigonal Pyramidal
Total # electron pairs = 4
Tetrahedral
Total # electron pairs = 5
Trigonal Bipyramidal
H bonds to _ _ _
F O N
London Dispersion Forces
the intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons after the creation of instantaneous dipoles

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