Chem final 2 2
Terms
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- nonpolar covalent bond
- a covalent bond in which the bodning electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge (0-5% ionic character, difference of 0-.3)
- polar
- having an uneven distribution of charge
- nonpolar covalent bonds ionic character
- 0-5%
- nonpolar covalent bonds difference in electronegativity
- 0-.3
- polar-covalent bond ionic character
- 5-50%
- polar covalent bonds difference in electronegativity
- .3-1.7
- Ionic covalent ionic character
- 50-100%
- ionic covalent dif. electronegativity
- 1.7-3.3
- bond energy
- the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms
- Lattice energy
- the energy released when the positive and negative ion pairs arrange themselves into an organized crystal lattice
- Polyatomic ion
- a charged group of covalently bonded atoms that combine with ions of the opposite charge to form ionic compounds
- manner in which metallic bond strength is tested
- heat of vaporization
- dipole-dipole forces
- forces of attraction between polar molecules
- hybridization
- the mixing of 2+ atomic orbitals of similar energies on the same atom to produce new orbitals of equal energies
- hybrid orbitals
- orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of 2+ orbitals on the same atom
- VSEPR stands for...
- Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
- VSEPR theory states..
- repulsion between the sets of valence shell electrons surrounding an atom causes three sets to be oriented as far apart as possible
- Total # electron pairs = 2
- linear
- total # electron pairs = 2, + 1 loose electrons
- bent
- total # electron pairs = 3
- trigonal planar
- total # electron pairs = 3, + 1 loose electrons
- Trigonal Pyramidal
- Total # electron pairs = 4
- Tetrahedral
- Total # electron pairs = 5
- Trigonal Bipyramidal
- H bonds to _ _ _
- F O N
- London Dispersion Forces
- the intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons after the creation of instantaneous dipoles