WWII PART 2
Terms
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- iwo jima, okinawa
- japanese islands
- italian invasion
- significant for the allies because it weakened hitler bu forcing him to fight on another front
- genocide
- murder of an entire national, ethnic, racial or religious group
- US and soviet union
- emerged as the new world leaders after the war
- george s. patton
- american general; helped the joint british and american forces break through german defenses and advance towards paris
- axis
- hitler, moussilini, hirohito, tojo hideki
- marie fourcade
- french women who helped downed allied pilots escape to safety
- reasons for why the allies won
- location of germany; surrounded by enemies; location of japan; dependent on inported goods; poor military decisions by axis leaders; huge productive capability of US; better technology developed and used by allies
- battle of midway
- battle fought entirely from the air; the US destroyed four japanese carriers and more than 250 planes devastating blow to the japanese
- hiroshima
- city in japan where they dropped the atomic bomb on august 6, 1945
- nagasaki
- city in japan where US dropped the second atomic bomb; more than 40,000 people were killed august 8, 1945
- nuremberg
- city in germany where the allies held war crimes trials against axis leaders who had committed "crimes against humanity" (like the holocaust)
- battle of the bulge
- took place in belgium as the allied forces advanced, germany launched a massive counterattack; germans were unable to breakthrough
- five permanent members of the security council
- the US, soviet union, britain, france and china; has the right to veto any council decision in order to ensure peace
- the big three
- roosevelt, churchill, and stalin
- incessant
- round-the-clock, ceaseless, uniterupted
- yalta conference
- the three leaders (roosevelt, churchill, and stalin) agreed that the soviet union would enter the war against japan within three months of germanys surrender; the soviets would take possession of southern sakhalin island; the kuril islands and an occupation zone in korea. that germany would be divided into four zones to be governed by americans, french, british, and soviet forces
- security council
- smaller body in the UN that had greater power than the general assembly
- battleship missouri
- the ship where the formal peace treaty was signed between japan and the allied forces
- reasons why allies were able to defeat the axis powers in europe
- had to fight on several different fronts at the same time - hitler made poor military decisions; US was producing twice as much as all of the axis powers combimed; oil became scarce and the german airforce (luftwaffe) was unable to use its planes
- rosie the riveter
- character that symbolized women; women replaced men in war industry jobs; they built ships and planes and produced munitions
- why did the allies hold war crimes trials for axis leaders?
- to hold them accountable for the terrible crimes they committed against people during the war
- what post war issues caused the western allies and the soviet union to disagree?
- stalin wanted to spread communism and create a buffer zone of friendly governments as a defense against germany. roosevelt and churchill wanted stalin to promise "free elections" in eastern europe
- d-day
- june 6, 1944; the day the allies invaded france at normandy
- manhattan project
- code name for research on the atomic bomb
- what strategy did general mac arthur use to fight the japanese in the pacific
- island hopping
- inevitable
- avoidable, inescapable
- alamogordo, new mexico
- where the first atomic bomb was successfully tested
- stalingrad
- city in russia; named after stalin
- kamikaze
- suicide pilots
- united nations
- delegates from 50 nations met in san francisco to write a charter
- west germany
- became a democratic nation
- emperor hirohito
- ruler of japan - forced the government to surrender on august 10, 1945
- war bonds
- government raised money by selling bonds to citizens; citizens "lent" the government money that would be returned with interest later
- battle of the coral sea
- first serious setback for the japanese; attacks were carried out by planes launched from aircraft carriers
- east germany
- remained under soviet control; installed a socialist dictatorship
- truman doctrine
- truman said it must be the policy of the US to support free people and limit communism to the areas already under soviet control
- how did the allies mobilize all of their resources for the war effort?
- ordered factories to stop making cars or refrigerators and to turn out airplanes or tanks instead; government rationed or controlled the amount of food and other goods that consumers could buy; sold war bonds to raise money; prices and wages were also regulated; limited the rights of all citizens, censored the press and used propaganda to win public support for the war
- douglas mac arthur
- american general in the philipines
- general rommel "desert fox"
- one of hitlers commanders in north africa
- "island hopping"
- goal of this campaign was to recapture some japanese held islands while by passing others. the captured islands served as stepping stones to the next goal
- puppet government
- a government that is appointed by and whose affairs are directed by an outside authority that may impose hardships on those governed
- dwight eisenhower
- american general took command of a joint british and american force in morocco and algeria. the allies were able to trap rommels army which surrendered in may 1943
- lily litvak
- soviet pilot; shot down 12 german planes before she was killed
- warsaw pact
- military alliance formed by the soviet union and satellites in eastern europe; to keep order; cemented the division of europe into eastern and western blocs
- british death march
- 65 mile march; the japanese killed several hundred american soldiers and 10,000 filipino soldiers
- bernard montgomery
- british general who helped the americans defeat rommel in north africa
- allies
- FDR, henry truman, chamberlain, churchill, stalin, charles ole gaulle
- total war
- nations devoted all of their resources to the war effort
- nato
- north atlantic treaty organization; a new military alliance with the US, canada and ten other countries; pledged to help one another if any one of them were attacked
- atomic bomb
- instantly killed more than 70,000 people and flattened four square miles
- admiral chester nimitz
- commander of the US navy; was blockading japan
- the cold war
- was a state of tension and hostility between nations aligned with the US on one side and the soviet union on the other
- holocaust
- most well known case of genocide
- harry truman
- american president who took office after franklin roosevelt died unexpectedly
- aircraft carrier
- ships that transport aircraft and accomdate the take off and landing of planes
- battle of stalingrad
- costliest battle of the war; germans were defeated by the russians
- v-e day
- victory in europe; wair in europe ends may 8, 1945
- guadalcanal
- in the soloman islands where the US marines landed
- technology that helped win the war
- deadier bombs; dive bombers, machines that broke secret codes; radar; improved sonar technology (sound waves); nylon parachutes
- amphibious
- land and water
- UN charter
- each of the member nations has one vote in the general assembly
- the marshall plan
- a massive aid package offered by US they gave food and economic assistance to europe to help countries rebuild