Humanities-The Hebrews
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- What formed the foundation of Western thoughts and civilization?
- philosophies of the Hebrews, along with the Greeks
- What were the 6 ideas of religon, prior to the Hebrews religions?
- were polytheistic, placed gods in nature, limited the power of the gods, had stories/beliefs about how the gods were created, subjected the gods to the influence of outside forces, were based ont he need to explain nature
- Hebrew religion presented what type of pradigm shift?
- a pradigm shift in how humans viewed god and their place in the universe.
- What is a paradigm shift?
- a fundamental, universal change in the way we think
- What were the 5 ideas of Hewbrew religion?
- monotheism, God transcends nature, God is sovereign, eternal, and unlimited, God was not create and can't be destroyed, religion was based on the history and experience of the Hewbrew people
- The Hewbrews introduced how many new concepts to the world?
- two
- What is ethical monotheism?
- the belief in one God who demands righteous behavior from all subjects.
- What is moral autonomy?
- the capacity to choose between good and evil (a concept sometimes referred to as "free will")
- Genesis Chapter 1: The Creation; Day 1
- night and day
- Genesis Chapter 1: The Creation; Day 2
- heavens and earth
- Genesis Chapter 1: The Creation; Day 3
- land, sea, vegetation
- Genesis Chapter 1: The Creation; Day 4
- sun, moon, stars
- Genesis Chapter 1: The Creation; Day 5
- sea and air creatures
- Genesis Chapter 1: The Creation; Day 6
- land creatures, Man
- Genesis Chapter 1: The Creation; Day 7
- rest (Holy Day)
- What does east/west mean?
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East=life, start of new day
West=death, end of day - Genisis Chapter 1: The Creation
- Day 1: Night and Day; Day 2: Heaven and Earth; Day 3: land, sea, vegitation; Day 4: Sun, Moon, Stars; Day 5: sea and air creatures; Day 6: land creatures, Man; Day 7: Rest (Holy Day)
- Genisis Chapter 2: The Garden of Eden
- Man placed in Garden of Eden(in the east=sun rise); Tree of Life (Eternal Life); Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil ("if you eat of it, you shall die"); Man names animals, but is lonely; Eve is created("bone of my bone, flesh of my flesh"-they become "one flesh"-naked yet unashamed)
- Genisis Chapter 3: The Fall
- Serpent tempts Eve (appeals to her pride "hubris"-arrogant pride); Eating of the fruit marks the beginning of moral autonomy (beginning of evil and responsiblity); Eve is condemned to painful childbirth (but maintains drive to reproduce), to be ruled by man; Adam is condemned to a life of toil("unto dust you shall return"); Expulsion seperates them from Tree of Life (origin or death, suffering and human history)
- The Hebrews Cosmogony
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(theory or model of the evolution of the universe)is based on the book of Genesis. It includes:
The Fall in the Garden of Eden(moral autonomy at work along with God's consquences)
A new view of God's relationship with humans
The eternal nature of God
God as creator
Man as the highest of God's creations (because of moral autonmy)
Human responsiblity
A new view of the role and character of women(temptress)
The role of temptation in our lives - The Book of Exodus
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Exodus chronicles the Hebrews escape from capacity and enslavement in Egypt. At Mount Sinai, Moses recieves Gods commandments in the form of stone tablets. The people make a convenant with God-if they obey his word they will become his chosen people and a holy nation
Moses known as the law giver in Jeresualm - Ten Commandments
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God
Don't worship any other god
Don't make idols
Don't misue the name of God
Keep the Sabbath holy (Sat)
Man
Honour your father and mother
Don't murder
Don't commit adultery
Don't steal
Don't lie
Don't covet(jealous, envy) - Seven deadly virtues
- gluttony, pride, greed, lust, sloth, wrath, envy
- The Book of Leviticus
- Shows man that the source of law is God. His law must be concerned with human welfare, because God is good.; It is more concerned with people than with property and rejects the idea of class distinctions; Basic property (charity, honesty, fairness, impartiallity, anti-discrimination)
- The Book of Deuteronomy
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Written as the last speech of Moses to the Hebrews, the book emphasized the theme of justice and mindfulness of the past captivity in Egypt
Appoint judges and officers in all towns
Avoid corruption(no partiality or bribery)
One word against another is insufficient evidence(need proof)
Both sides should be represented(adversarial system)
Punishment for individual crimes (don't punish family members)
Escaped slaved need not to be returned, servants should be treated humanely
Treat foreigns, widows, and orphans fairly (leave provisions) - The Prophet Isaiah
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Emphasize God's demand for righteous and moral behavior rather than "vain offerings" and sacrificed to atone for sin
Cease to do evil, learn to do good
Seek justice and corrupt oppression
Defend the fatherless and plead for the widows
Don't exploit the poor - The Book of Job
- Why does the righteous suffer and the wicked prosper? Why does God permit injustice?