CHAPTAH 25!
This is for CHAPTA 25, the test is tomorrow....lol
Terms
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- Magyars
- in 1867 the Hungarian nobility restored the constitution of 1848 and used it to dominate both the Magyar peasentry and the minority population
- Red Shirts
- Volunteers in Garibaldi's army
- Zollvereign
- Economic custom union of German states, founded in 1818 by Prussia. Eliminated internal tarriffs
- Giuseppe Mazzini
- Italy idealistic patriot; preached a centralized democratic republic based on universal suffrage and the will of the people
- Zemstvos
- Local assemblies in Russia
- "Blood and Iron"
- Refers to Prussian tactics brought about by Otto Van Bismarck; his unification of Germany was through a policy of "blood and iron"
- Louis Kossuth
- Leader of the Hungarians, demanded national autonomy with full liberties and universal suffrage in 1848
- Giuseppe Garibaldi
- An Italian radical who emerged as a powerful independent force in Italian politics. He planned to liberate the Two Kingdomes of Sicily
- Grossdeutsch
- Great German party at the Frankfurt Assembly. "Big Germans"
- Carbonari
- A secret society; designated to overthrow Bonapartist rulers; liberal patriots
- Bundesrat
- The federal council of Austrian gvt
- Franco-Prussian War
- 1870-71, war between France and Prussia; seen as German victory; seen as a struggle of Darwinism; led to Prussian being the most powerful European nation. INstigated by Bismarck; France seen as agressor
- Kleindeutsch
- Little German party at the Frankfurt Assembly. "little Germans"
- Russification
- policy imposing Russian customs and traditions on other people
- Volksgeist
- idea created by J.G. Herder to identify the national character of Germany, but soon passed to other countries
- Constitutional monarchy
- Monarch rules with limitations by the constitution-written or unwritten
- Risorgimento
- Italian period of history from 1815 to 1850
- Reichstag
- Popularly elected parliament in Germany. Very little power
- Treaty of Frankfurt
- The end of the Franco-Prussian war. Alsace and Lorraine given to Germany
- Ems Dispatch
- A message from William I of Prussia to Napolean III which brought France into the Franco-Prussian war
- Syllabus of Errors
- 1864. Pope Pius IX denounced rationalism, socialism, and separation of church and state
- Pogroms
- Persecution of minorities, esp. the Jews in Russia
- Otto Von Bismarck
- Prussian chancellor who engineered the unification of Germany under his rule
- Napolean III
- original Napolean's nephew; consolidated conservative gvt. and the ideals of nationalism
- Liberalism
- base ideas of liberty and equality
- Alexander II
- Emperor of Russia; advocated moderate reforms for Russia; emancipated serfs; assasinated
- Nationalism
- Pride in one's nation, group, or traditions; a desire for independence
- Ausgleich, 1867
- Refers to the compromise of 1867 which created the dual monarchy of Austria and Hungary
- Carlsbad Decrees
- 1819, it discouraged liberal teachings in southern Germany. Censorship imposed by Metternicj
- Realpolitik
- Political theory, advocated by Bismarck, that national success justifies any means possible. Very Machiavellan
- Count Camillo Cavour
- Endorsed the economic doctrines of the middle class. Worked for a secret alliance with Napolean III against Austria. Worked to unite Italy
- Frankfurt Assembly
- 1807-82 personified the romantic revolutionary nationalism. Attempted to unify Germany
- Panslavism
- A mvt. to promote the independence of Slav people. Roughly started with the Congress in Prague; supported by Russia. Led to the Russo-Turkish War of 1877
- Leopold II
- King of Belgium, sent Henry Stanley to Africa