Supreme Court Justices

Start Studying!

UIL Social Studies

Terms

undefined, object

copy deck

Edward Sanford: born 1865, appointed from Tennessee in 1923 by pres. Harding, in private practice and professor, served as assistant U.S. attorney gen. and a federal judge, greatest area of influence on court was in the areas of civil liberties related to "incorporation doctrine", where the 14th amendment applied to the state as well as federal level, upheld doctrine in two major opinions Gitlow v. New York and Fiske v. Kansas, served until 1930
Joseph Story: born 1779, appointed from Massachusetts in 1811 by pres. Madison, harvard grad he went back there to teach law, served in MA legislature and congress, considered one of the most important legal thinkers of his time, wrote a 3-volume "commentaries on the constitution", also credited with doing the lion's share of the work on the court, Marshall's closest collaborator on constitutional construction, most important opinion was Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, which cemented the SC's authority to review state court rulings. served until 1845
David Davis: IL ; appointed by Lincoln in 1862 ; Kenyon College of OH undergrad ; Yale Law ; good friends w/Lincoln ; IL House/State Judge ; ex Parte Milligan; retired to serve in Senate
Wiley Rutledge: Born 1894, appointed from Iowa in 1943 by FDR, undergrad degree from university of Wisconsin, law degree from university of colorado, was a law school professor and dean, appointed to U.S. court of appeals, consistent New Deal and First amendment supporter, his opinion in Thomas v. Collins is regarded as the clearest picture of how state labor laws can violate 1st amendment rights, served until 1949
Robert Trimble: bron 1776, appointed from Kentucky in 1826 by pres. John Quincy Adams, privately tutored, served on state legislature and was on the state court of appeals, best known for opinion in Ogden v. Saunders, served short time due to unexpected death in 1828.
Benjamin Curtis: MS; appointed by Fillmore in 1851 ; Harvard undergrad/Law School; Whig ; private practice ; MA General Court ; Cooley v. Board of Wardens ; retired b/c animosity after his dissent in Dred Scott
Stanley Matthews: appointed from ohio in 1881 by pres. Garfield, best remembered for two opinions Hurtado v. California and Yick Wo v. Hopkins, dealing w/ constitutional issues involving the 14ths due porcess and discrimination interpretations, served until 1889
Anthony Kennedy: M ; CA ; appointed by Reagan in 1988 ; Stanford University; London School of Economics ; Harvard Law ; private practice; constitutional law professor at U. of the Pacific ; 9th Circuit Court of Appeals ; "swing voter" esp. w/civil liberties
Gabriel Duval: MD ; appointed by Madison in 1811 ; self-taught ; MD Militia & House of Delegates ; House of Reps. ; MD courts ; Comptroller of U.S. treasury under Jefferson ; "most insignificant" justice in history
Samuel Alito: C ; born in NJ ; appointed by G.W. Bush in 2006 ; Princeton undergrad, Yale Law ; U.S. Court of Appeals, 3rd Circuit; U.S. Attorney (NJ) ; Assistant Solicitor General ; wants restrictions on abortion
William Strong: born 1808, appointed from Pennsylvania in 1870 by pres. Grant, served in congress and on the state supreme court, wrote majority in the "legal tender cases", which allowed congress to issue paper money, also known for devout christian faith and service, served until 1880
Smith Thompson: born 1768, appointed from New York in 1823 by pres. monroe, served in state legislature and judiciary, then sec. of the navy, only significant opinion was his dissent in Cherokee nation v. Georgia where he felt the cherokee nation should have the rights of a separate state, served until 1843
Salmon Chase: 6th Chief Justice ; OH ; appointed by Lincoln in 1864 ; Dartmouth College undergrad ; fervent abolitionist ; Senator ; Gov. of OH ; Lincoln's Sec. of Treasury ; founder of Republican party; $10,000 bill ; presided over impeachment of Johnson
Robert Grier: M ; PA ; appointed by Polk in 1846 ; Dickinson College ; oldest of 11 kids ; Democrat ; state district judge ; corresponded w/Buchanan on Dred Scot case ; Prize Cases (justified Lincoln's blockade)
William Howard Taft: born 1857, appointed the 10th chief justice in 1921 by pres. Harding, from connecticut, only man to serve as both president and chief justice, republican, U.S. solicitor general, interest more with law and justice than politics, but ambitious wife urged him to pursue elected office, after being president of the philippine commission, became sec. of war, pinned by Theodore Roosevelt to follow him into the presidency, known for effective administrative skills, instigator behind the construction of the supreme court building, retired in 1930
Sandra Day O'Connor: born 1930, appointed from arizona in 1981 by pres. Reagan, first woman on the SC, earned undergrad degree from stanford at 16 yrs old, graduated in the same class as chief justice Rehnquist, state assistant attorney gen., served in the state senate and became majority leader, "swing vote" on SC, did not dissent often preferring to help court work towards a consensus, often been determining vote on affirmative action, establishment clause, abortion and gender discrimination cases, retired in 2006, now serves as the Chancellor of the college of william and mary
Clarence Thomas: born 1948, appointed from Georgia in 1991 by pres. George H.W. Bush. holy cross college and yale law, aide to missouri senator Danforth, republican was appointed by Reagan as director of the equal employment oppurtunity commission, then U.S. court of appeals, confirmation to SC was unusually bitter due to allegations of sexual harassment while director of the EEOC, considered the leading conservative on the court, his votes have often angered african- american organizations, feel he is contributing to the deconstruction of affirmative action and other racial issues. court cases include Adarand Constructors v. pena and Missouri v. Jenkins
Melville Fuller: C ; IL ; appointed by Cleveland in 1888 ; Bowdoin College; Harvard Law ; Democrat ; member IL House ; supporter of limited fed. govt. ; dismantled Sherman Anti-Trust Act ; U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co. ; Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
Horace Lurton: C ; TN ; appointed by Taft in 1910 ; Douglas University & Cumberland University Law School ; Democrat ; TN Supreme Court ; appointed to U.S. Court of Appeals ; Vanderbilt University ; Confederate veteran
Byron "Whizzer" White: born 1917, appointed from colorado in 1962 by pres. Kennedy. joined the navy during WWII, came back to complete law school, then clerked for chief justice Vinson, became deputy attorney general for kennedy prior to appointment, interspersed with a professional football career, his judicial restraint has been criticized as a lack of vision and independence
John Marshall: 4th Chief Justice ; VA ; appointed by Adams in 1801 ; law lectures at College of William and Mary ; Revolutionary War battles ; Federalist ; VA legislature ; U.S. House ; Sec. of State ; "the Great CJ" ; Marbury v. Madison ; McCulloch v. MD ; Gibbons v. Ogden
John Jay: 1st Chief Justice ; NY ; appointed by Washington in 1789 ; Columbia University undergrad ; pres. of Continental Congress ; CJ of NY Supreme Court ; minister to Spain & sent to negotiate w/Britain (w/Franklin & Adams) ; author of The Federalist Papesr ; Chisholm v. GA ; resigned to become Gov. of NY ; anti-slavery causes/Church supporter
Abe Fortas: L ; TN ; appointed by LBJ in 1965 ; Southwestern College ; Yale Law ; ardent New Dealer ; Dpt. of Interior ; defended Johnson after his election to Congress was challenged ; supporter of childrens' rights ; Kent v. U.S. ; alleged violations of "separations of powers" b/c friends w/Johnson ; resigned after calls for his impeachment
Robert Jackson: M ; NY ; appointed by FDR in 1941 ; Albany Law School ; last justice admitted to bar w/out law degree ; Democrat ; Dpt. of Treasury/Justice ; Solicitor General --> Attorney General ; 1945- took leave of Court ot supervise Nuremberg Nazi trials ;
Samuel Miller: born 1816, appointed from Iowa in 1862 by pres. Lincoln, held a medical degree from transylvania university, staunch emancipationist and nationalist, he wrote the opinion on the Slaughterhouse Cases, arguing that 14th amendment was intended to provide equality for former slaves and not expand the liberties of the general population, served until 1890
Harry Blackmun: L ; MN ; appointed by Nixon in 1970 ; best childhood friend = Warren Burger ; Harvard University (undergrad & law) ; taught at MN law schools ; 8th Circuit Court of Appeals ; Roe v. Wade
John Clark: L ; OH ; appointed by Wilson in 1916 ; Western Reserve College undergrad ; law from dad ; Progressive Democrat ; lost election to House/Senate ; Abrams v. U.S.
John Catron: TN ; appointed by Jackson in 1837 ; self-educated ; state judge/Chief Justice of TN Supreme Court ; Jacksonian Democrat ; states' rights/slavery ; concurred in Dred Scott
Hugo Black: L ; AL ; appointed by FDR in 1937 ; Ashland College undergrad ; U. of AL law school ; Army during WWI ; Democrat in Senate ; past KKK member ; champion of civil/1st Amend. rights ; Adamson v. CA
Harold Burton: M ; OH ; appointed by Truman in 1945 ; Bowdoin College undregrad; Harvard Law ; Army captain in WWI ; Purple Heart ; Cleveland Mayor ; Senator ; Republican ; unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ; supported UN
Horace Gray: MA ; appointed by Arthur in 1882 ; Harvard Law ; reporter of court matters; MA Supreme Court ; Free Soil Party --> Republican ; 1st justice to hire a clerk (paid w/his own $$) ; U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark ;
David Souter: currently serving, born 1939, appointed from New Hampshire in 1990 by pres. George H.W. Bush, 3 months on U.S. court of appeals, had no other federal service prior to appointment, was state attorney general in NH, judge on states superior and supreme courts, lauded for his charm and personal writing style, one of best known opinions is Washington v. Glucksberg
Charles Evans Hughes: NY ; 11th Chief Justice ; appointed by Taft in 1910 ; made CJ by Hoover in 1930 ; Madison (Colgate)/Brown University; Columbia Law School ; private law ; taught at Cornell Law ; gov. of NY as Republican ; sec. of state for Harding/Coolidge ; diplomatically resisted FDR's court-packing plan ; advocate of civil rights/freedom of press
Lucius Lamar: MI ; appointed by Cleveland in 1888 ; Emory College undergrad ; Democrat ; taught math at U. of MI ; House/Senate ; fought for Confederacy ; Sec. of the Interior ; favored states' rights
Arthur Goldberg: L ; IL ; appointed by Kennedy in 1962 ; City College of Chicago ; Northwestern University Law ; military in WWII ; Sec. of Labor ; Escobedo v. IL ; retired to become UN ambassador
John Blair: VA ; appointed by Washington in 1789 ; William & Mary undergrad ; 1 year law study in England ; Constitutional Convention delegate/signer ; VA House of Burgesses ; patriotism/Federalist ; Chisholm v. GA
Noah Swayne: born 1804, appointed from ohio in 1862 by pres. Lincoln, Jacksonian democrat, anit-slavery views led him to switch to the republican party, served as U.S. attorney for ohio, supporter of lincoln's emergency war legislation (blockade of southern ports "prize cases", martial law, issuing greenbacks, imposing fed. income tax during wartime in Springer v. U.S., retired in 1881
Rufus Peckham: born 1838, appointed from New York in 1895 by pres. Cleveland, tutored by and read law with father, served on NY supreme court and court of appeals, strongly opposed government regulation of business, best remembered for his opinion in Lochner v. New York which invalidated a state's right to limit workday length, served until 1908
Sherman Minton: born 1890, appointed from indiana in 1949 by pres. Truman, served as democrat in U.S. senate where he supported FDR's court-packing plan, appointed to U.S. court of appeals, New Deal supporter who also believed the judiciary should stay out of regulatory action as much as possible, authored the opinion in the anti-communist ruling Adler v. Board of education, retired in 1956
John Harlan: L ; KY ; appointed by Hayes in 1877 ; Centre College of KY ; Transylvania Law School ; fought on Union side during Civil War ; state attorney general ; Republican known for dissents '
William Rehnquist: born 1924, appointed from Virginia as associate justice in 1972 by pres. Nixon and as the 16th chief justice in 1986 by pres. Reagan, undergrad and masters degree from Stanford, masters from Harvard, and then law degree from Stanford , served until 2005
James McReynolds: born 1862, appointed from Virginia in 1914 by pres. Wilson, Vanderbilt university and university of virginia law, professor at vanderbilt, teddy appointed him assistant attorney general even though a democrat, attorney general under wilson, one of "four horsemen" who consistantly opposed New Deal legislation, known for unpleasant personality and his rudeness toward women, jews, and those who held opposing views, retired in 1941
Peter Daniel: VA ; appointed by Van Buren in 1841 ; College of NJ undergrad ; private practice ; VA Assembly ; state Lieutenant Governor ; U.S. District Judge ; Jacksonian Democrat ; slavery/states' rights supporter ; sided w/majority in Dred Scott
Thomas Todd: born 1765, appointed form Kentucky in 1807 by pres. Jefferson, washington and lee university undergrad, he was a surveyor and lawyer, served as chief justice of the state's highest court, not present in court often due to travel and family hardships , served until 1826
John McKinley: appointed from Alabama in 1838 by pres. Van Buren, self educated, jacksonian dem., served in Alabama house ,U.S. senate and U.S. house of representatives, known for dissent in Bankof Augusta v. Earle, when he argued that states can limit only businesses chartered within thier borders, served until 1852
William Refus Day: M ; OH ; appointed by Teddy Roosevelt ; U. of MI undergrad/Law ; Republican party leader ; trial lawyer in OH ; Sec. of State for McKinley ; Court of Appeals judge ; states' rights supporter ; Hammer v. Dagenhart
John Rutledge: Born 1739, appointed associate justice from South Carolina in 1789 by pres. Washington, and then the 2nd chief justice in 1795 by Washington, studied law with uncle and then in London, governor of South Carolina, contributor to the writing of the U.S. constitution, due to disappointment at not being named 1st chief justice and his boredom he resigned his post with the U.S. court to become chief justice of the south carolina supreme court in 1791, temporarily appointed as chief justice of U.S. court in 1795 and oversaw two cases, both dealing with admiralty issues, after it became clear he would not be confirmed by the U.S. senate, he attempted suicide by jumping off a bridge, living rest of his life as a recluse, died in 1800
Potter Stewart: born 1915, appointed from ohio in 1958 by pres. Eisenhower, naval officer during WWII, worked on wall street before heading home to cincinnati, appointed to U.S. court of appeals and became known as one of the leading federal judges of the time, classic moderate he was often the critical "swing vote", known for quotes "it's better to go too soon than to stay too long", retired in 1981at relatively young age of 66
John McLean: born 1785, appointed from Ohio in 1830 by pres Jackson, studied law under Cinncinnati attorneys, started democratic newspaper, served on ohio supreme court until becoming commissioner of the U.S. General land office, which became a cabinet position, also was U.S. postmaster general, due to blatant flirtations with many political parties he became known as the "politician on the supreme court". best known for writing the dissent in the Dred Scott case, was a republican contender for a presidential nomination several times, served until 1861
John Campbell: M ; AL ; appointed by Pierce in 1853 ; U. of AL graduate at age 14 ; state legislature ; Jacksonian Democrat ; concurred in Dred Scott ; opposed secession but resigned to follow Confederacy
Oliver Wendall Holmes, Jr.: L ; MA ; appointed by T. Roosevelt in 1902 ; Harvard College/Law ; Civil War veteran ; wrote The Common Law ; MA SC ; ardent advoate of free speech ; "clear and present danger" philosophy; "The Great Dissenter"
James Wayne: born 1790, appointed from Georgia in 1835 by pres. Jackson, served in Georgia legislature and as a state judge, elected to congress. southern slave holder who supported states rights, remained loyal to the union and the court, but declared an "enemy alien" by the state of Georgia and had property confiscated. known for his support of Lincoln's blockade of southern ports in the Prize Cases. served until 1867.
Levi Woodbury: born 1789, appointed from New Hampshire in 1845 by President Polk. dartmouth college undergrad, served in New Hampshire senate and superior court, then governor, was a U.S. senator, sec. of the navy and treasury, one of only two justices to serve in all three branches of government and as a governor
Howell Jackson: L ; TN ; appointed by Harrison in 1893 ; W. TN College; Cumberland University Law ; private practice; Confederate govt duirng Civil War ; Democrat in state legislature/U.S. Senate ; U.S. Court of Appeals ; dissent in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. ; poor health (tuberculosis)
Samuel Blatchford: M ; NY ; appointed by Arthur in 1882 ; Columbia College ; private law ; fed. judge in NY ; compiled 24 Vol. of decisions by U.S Court of Appeals ; contradicted opinions about 14th Amend. due process
James Wilson: born 1742, appointed from Pennsylvania in 1789 by president Washington. studied at St. Andrews in Scotland before coming to the U.S., became a member of the continental congress, credited for coming up with the plan for the electoral college. had a reputation for irresponsible financial dealings and was heavily indebted.
William Johnson: SC ; appointed by Jefferson in 1805 ; Princeton undergrad ; SC assembly as Jeffersonian Republican ; state court; opposed abolition/regulation of treatment of slaves ; "loose cannon" ; frequent dissenter
Pierce Butler: C ; MN ; appointed by Harding in 1923 ; Carleton College undrgrad; Democrat ; private practice ; prosecuting attorney ; "4 Horsemen" ; opinions limiting govt --> Coolidge v. Long
George Shiras Jr.: born 1832, appointed from Pennsylvania in 1892 by pres. Harrison, only justice with no prior public service, nomination based on geography and support of president, favored property rights and economic liberty, also fair treatment through due process and trial by jury, named swing vote striking down federal income tax in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust, which led to the 16th amendment authorizing such a tax, retired in 1903
James Byrnes: L ; SC ; appointed by FDR in 1941 ; self-taught ; court reporter ; state solicitor ; Democrat in House & Senate ; resigned after 14 months to work in FDR's admin ; Taylor v. GA; Truman's Sec. of State ; Governor of SC
William Woods: born 1824,appointed from Georgia in 1881 by President Hayes. served in Ohio legislature. fought for union during the Civil War. appointed U.S. circuit court judge prior to serving on the SC. best known for defending states rights as in Presser v. Illinois
Mahlon Pitney: born 1858, appointed from New Jersey in 1912 by pres Taft, read law in family practice, served as republican in U.S. congress, then NJ state senate and state SC, opposed government regulation in individual contracts and property rights, dissent in Wilson v. New which allowed setting wages for railroad employees reflected his beliefs, upheld governments right to limit freedom of expression when it threatened national security under the Espionage Act in Pierce v. U.S. , served until 1922
James Iredell: NC ; appointed by Washington in 1790 ; born/raised in England ; private practice ; NC Superior Court ; NC Attorney General ; youngest original appointee at age 38 ; supportered Constitutional Convention ; dissent in Chisholm v. GA '
Tom Clark: M ; TX ; appointed by Truman in 1949 ; U. of Texas undergrad/Law ; military during WWI ; U.S. Attorney General ; anti-communist ; retired when Ramsey Clark (son) became Attorney General
Ruth Bader Ginsburg: L ; NY ; appointed by Clinton in 1993 ; Cornell undergrad ; Harvard/Columbia Law ; research staff at Columbia Law; Rutgers faculty ; first tenured woman professor at Columbia Law School ; involved against gender discrimination ; 2nd woman appt to SC ; cautious/restrained in rulings ; U.S. v. VA Military Academy
Benjamin Cardozo: L ; NY ; appointed by Hoover ; Columbia College/Law School ; NY Court of Appeals ; "lawyer's lawyer" ; "3 Musketeers" ; many 14th Amend. opinions ; wrote classic law books
William O. Douglas: L ; CT ; appointed by FDR in 1939 ; Whitman College ; Columbia Law School ; law professor at Columbia & Yale ; childhood poverty/polio ; one of youngest justices appointed (age 41) ; literal interpretation of 1st Amend. ; longest-serving justice in history ; Griswold v. CT
Philip Pendleton Barbour: C ; appointed by Jackson in 1836 ; William & Mary undedrgrad ; judge in VA ; U.S. Circuit Court judge ; Democrat ; states' rights & strict constructionist ; City of NY v. Miln --> states can regulate trade
Edward White: born 1845, appointed associate justice from Louisiana in 1894 by Pres. Cleveland, then 9th chief justice in 1910 by pres. Taft, appointed U.S. senator before court, thought that his greatest contribution was in introducing the rule of reason in regards to the Sherman antitrust act, writing that it was not to be read literally, but rather to be used to prohibit "unreasonable" restraints, well known opinion was Standard oil v U.S.
William Moody: born 1853, appointed from Massachusetts in 1906 by pres. Theodore Roosevelt, educated at Andover then Harvard, elected to congree three times, teddy appointed him sec. of the navy, then U.S. attorney general, best known for his opinion in Twining v. New Jersey arguing that the right to avoid self-incrimination did not apply to state cases, retired in 1910
Roger Taney: born 1777, appointed 5th chief justice from maryland in 1836 by pres. Jackson, dickenson college and private study of law, served 1 year asa a federalist in maryland's house of delegates at age 23, was U.S. attorney general before being chief justice, best known for opinion of the infamous dred scott decision, also promoted nationalist views concerning the contract and commerce clauses (Charles river Bridge Case), served until 1864
Samuel Nelson: born 1792, appointed from New York in 1845 by pres. Tyler, middlebury college undergrad, jacksonian democrat, became a state circuit judge (first as assoc. justice then as chief justice), best known supreme court decisions dealt with admiralty and patent law, favored judicial restraint when it came to constitutional issues, retired in 1872
George Sutherland: born 1862, appointed from utah in 1922 by pres. Harding, Brigham young university undergrad and university of Michigan law school, applied due process toward individual liberties and advocating limited government, one of the "four horsemen" who opposed FDR's new deal plan at every opportunity, retired in 1938
Joseph Bradley: C ; NJ ; appointed by Grant in 1870 ; Rutgers University (undergrad) ; private practice ; loyal Republican ; conservative about constitutional interpretation ; Civil Rights cases --> reversed Civil Rights Act of 1875
Harlan Stone: born 1872, appointed associate justice from NY in 1925 by pres. Coolidge, then the 12th chief justice in 1941 by FDR, Amherst undergrad and columbia law school, before SC he was a professor and dean, was U.S. attorney general appointing J.Edgar Hoover head of the FBI, one of the "three musketeers" liberal voting bloc, supported the New Deal programs, served until death while reading his dissent in 1946 at age 73, only judge to die during a court session
Bushrod Washington: born 1762, appointed form Virginia by pres. John Adams in 1798, college of william and mary undergrad, said to be george washington's favorite nephew, inherited Mt. Vernon and washington's papers. fought in the revolutionary war, federalist who helped the constitution win ratification in virginia, "counted as one" with john marshall, served until 1829
Felix Frankfurter: L ; MA ; appointed by FDR in 1939 ; emigrated from Austria ; College of City of NY ; Harvard Law ; Assistant U.S. Attorney of S. District of NY ; law professor at Harvard ; Dept. of Labor ; Sec. of War under Taft ; judicial restraint ; Flag Salute cases ; Minersville School District v. Gobitis ; WV State Board of Education v. Barnette; influenced by Oliver Wendall Holmes
Thurgood Marshall: L ; NY ; appointed by LBJ in 1967 ; Lincoln University ; Howard Law School ; NAACP ; argued Brown v. Board ; U.S. Court of Appeals ; 1st black solictor general & justice ; support civil rights ; opposed Pres. Reagan & Bush
Henry Baldwin: M ; born in PA ; appointed by Jackson in 1830 ; House of Reps ; Federalist, opposed to slavery, but supported states' rights --> dissent in Amistad ; financially unstable
Antonin Scalia: currently serving, born 1936, appointed from Virginia in 1986 by pres. Reagan, undergrad degree from georgetown university, taught law at universities of Virginia and chicago, justice on U.S. court of appeals, known for being one of the two consistent conservative associate justices (along with Clarence Thomas), supports judicia restraint and opposition to judicial activism, authored A Matter of Interpretation, supporting "original intent" method
Willis Van Devanter: born 1859, appointed from Wyoming in 1910 by pres. Taft, DePauw univers. undergrad, served on wyoming legislature and supreme court, moved to assistant U.S. attorney general, republican and one of the "four horsemen" who opposed FDR's new deal legislation, known to have great influence over the other justices opinions through face-to-face discussions, most important opinion was out of character McGrain v. Daugherty, retired 1937
Morrison Waite: born 1816, appointed 7th chief justice in 1874 by pres. Grant from ohio, private study of law with his father, a whig and instrumental in organizing the republican party in ohio, was appointed to serve as one of the U.S.'s attorneys in the arbitration to settle the alabama claims against England, in SC known to be a "plain" writer, his most famous opinion was Munn v. Illinois, served until 1888
Lewis Powell: born 1907, appointed from Virginia in 1972 by pres. Nixon, air force intelligence officer in WWII, president of numerous legal associations and active in community affairs, known for independent thinking, opinion in California Board of Regents v. Bakke reflected his moderate stance, retired in 1987
Earl Warren: born 1891, appointed the 14th chief justice in 1953 by pres. eisenhower. from california, undergrad and law degrees from UC Berkeley, served 14 years as a successful district attorney in california, won election as state attorney gen. became known for fighting organized crime, governor of california before SC. retired in 1969.
Thomas Johnson: MD ; appointed by Washington in 1792 ; educated at home; read law under local attorney; MD assemblyman ; Continental Congress delegate ; Gov. of MD ; chief judge of General Court of MD ; Washington's buddy ; Commander-in-Chief of Continental Army ; wrote 1 opinion --
Charles Whittaker: born 1901, appointed from Missouri in 1957 by Pres. Eisenhower, enrolled in university of Kansas city law school while still in high school,appointed to U.S. district court then court of Appeals, best-known opinion Staub v. City of Baxley struck down an ordinance requiring a permit for union soliciting
William Cushing: MA ; appointed by Washington in 1790 ; Harvard undergrad ; Harvard/Yale master's ; MA judge ; first SC justice appointed by Washington ; Ware v. Hylton ; longest-serving of original justices (21 years)
Owen Roberts: born 1875, appointed from Pennsylvania in 1930 by pres. Hoover, assistant DA in Philadelphia, then special U.S. attorney during the Teapot Dome scandal, unpredictable jurist, initially opposed most New Deal related cases, but later began to rule more in their favor, retired in 1945 and became dean of the university of Pennsylvania Law School
William Paterson: born 1745, appointed from New Jersey in 1793 by pres. Washington, self-taught in law, NJ's first attorney general, elected to U.S. senate where he helped craft the Judiciary act of 1789, governor of NJ, strong supporter of federal supremacy over the states as in Ware v. Hylton, served until 1806
Louis Brandeis: L ; MA ; appointed by Wilson in 1916 ; no undergrad ; Harvard law ; "people's attorney" ; Zionist ; 1st Jew appointed ; committed to free speech/privacy ; "3 Musketeers"
John Roberts Jr.: currently serving, born 1955, appointed 17th chief justice in 2005 by pres. George W. Bush, from maryland, served as a clerk for then associate justice Rehnquist, served in Reagan White House Cousel's office, after 2 years on U.S. court of appeals he was appointed chief justice, considered a "judicial minimalist", voiced desire to reverse the trend of reducing the SC's annual docket, youngest person to become chief justice since John Marshall, has emerged as a restrained jurist not allowing emotion to interfere with his interpretation of the law, evidenced in opinion wrote in Hedgepeth v. Washington Metropolitan Transit Authority, suffered a seizure during fall and summer of 2007
Alfred Moore: born 1755, appointed from North Carolina in 1799 by pres. john adams, fought in the revolutionary war, served in state assembly and as NC's attorney gen., wrote only one opinion Bas v. Tingy which confirmed France was an "enemy" nation in 1798 and 1799, although a justice during Marbury v. Madison he did not participate in the decision, retired in 1804, help found the university of NC
Stanley Reed: born 1884, appointed from Kentucky in 1938 by FDR, undergrad from Kentucky Wesleyan College, university of virginia and columbia law schools, special assistant to U.S. attorney general, then U.S. solicitor general, democrat new deal supporter and economic liberal, he did take a conservative view when it came to support of civil liberties, said to have reluctantly joined the unanimous decision in Brown v. Board of Education, retired in 1957
Samuel Chase: MD ; appointed by Washington in 1792 ; tutored by dad ; leader of Sons of Liberty ; MD Assembly & Continental Congress ; signed Dec. of Indep. ; only SC justice impeached ; Clader v. Bull (prohibit ex post facto)
Stephen Field: C ; CA ; appointed by Lincoln in 1863 ; Williams College undergrad ; Democrat on CA Supreme Court ; pro-business stance ; supported personal/corporate property rights ; dissents in Slaugherhouse Cases & Munn v. IL ; 2nd longest serving justice ; survived assassination attempt
Frank Murphy: born 1890, appointed from michigan in 1940 by pres FDR, served as assistant U.S. attorney, judge on recorder's court, mayor of Detroit and Governor of the Philippines, progressive democrat, governor of michigan and mediated volatile auto workers' strikes, U.S. attorney gen before SC, New Deal supporter he upheld civil and workers rights, best known for dissent in Korematsu v. U.S., served until 1949
Ward Hunt: NY ; appointed by Grant in 1873 ; Union College; Litchfield Law School ; Republican ; NY Assembly ; Mayor of Utica; NY Court of Appeals ; U.S. v. Reese ; granted suffrage to blacks/women
Henry Livingston: NY ; appointed by Jefferson in 1807 ; Princeton University ; son of Gov. of NJ ; captain in Continental Army ; John Jay's bro-in-law/secretary ; NY assembly ; anti-Federalist on NY Supreme Court ; surivived assassination ; killed a man in a duel ; commerce law expert ;
Fred Vinson: born 1890, appointed 13th chief justice by pres. Truman in 1946 from Kentucky, had highest academic record ever at Centre College, he was a city and district attorney before being elected to congress as a democrat. gained FDR favor by supporting New Deal programs, appointed to the U.S. court of appeals, sec. of the treasury, friendship w/ Truman and experience in all 3 branches of gov. landed him chief just. seat, most noteworthy opinion was in the steel seizure case, served until 1953
Nathan Clifford: ME ; appointed by Buchanan in 1858 ; self-taught ; Democrat in ME legislature & House ; Attorney General ; ambassador to MX ; states' rights ; dissent in Loan Association v. Topeka
Oliver Ellsworth: M ; CT ; 3rd Chief Justice; appointed by Washington in 1796 ; Yale/Princeton undergrad ; private practice ; Continental Congress ; U.S. Court of Appeals ; CT Supreme Court; U.S. Senate ; helped write Constitution ; engineered the Judiciary Act of 1789
John Harlan II: C ; NY ; appointed by Eisenhower in 1955 ; Princeton/Oxford undergrad ; NY Law School ; U.S. attorney for S. district of NY ; Army Air Corps during WWII ; corporate lawyer ; Republican ; U.S. Court of Appeals ; judicial restraint/federalism ; dissent in Poe v. Ullman
Joseph Lamar: GA ; appointed by Taft in 1911 ; U. of GA; Bethany College; Washington & Lee University ; wrote state civil code for GA legislature ; state supreme court ; bland tenure on court ; U.S. v. Grimaud
Joseph Mckenna: appointed from California in 1889 by pres. McKinley, educated in parochial schools including Benica Collegiate Institutew/ plans to enter priesthood, considered a real life Horatio Alger story due to his rise from a poor immigrant family to SC justice, known for opinion supporting the govt's regulatory power under the commerce clause in Hipolite Egg Co. v. U.S. , retired in 1925
John Paul Stevens: currently serving, born 1920, appointed from illinois in 1975 by pres. Ford, university of chicago undergrad, northwestern university law degree, served as special counsel to senate committees, then attorney general's staff, and U.S. court of appeals, most senior justice and most liberal, wrote opinion in Cipollone v. Liggett Group opening door for individuals to sue tobacco industry, defended separation of church and state in Wallace v. Jaffree, 87 years old considered possible SC retiree

Start Studying!

Deck Info

Number of cards 105