Invertebrate Zoology Exam 1 Definitions
Terms
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- trophi
- hard, jaw-like elements within the mastax of rotifers
- simultaneous hermaphrodites
- animals that have functional versions of male and female reproductive systems at the same time
- ascon
- sponge body form with a single flagellated pumping cavity
- leucon
- sponge body form with many flagellated chambers connected via passive canals
- medusa
- body form of cnidarians in which the oral axis faces towards the substrate, typically in pelagic forms; slightly flattened in comparison to polyps
- gastrovascular cavity
- a gut form where there is only one opening to the digestive tract, that serves as both mouth and anus. The gut typically also branches throughout the body to help distribute nutrients
- colloblasts
- exocytotic adhesive cell type unique to ctenophores
- calyx
- body form in entoprocts where body is like bud of flower sitting upside down (need to revise this)
- blastula
- a stage of development where the embryo consists of a hollow ball of cells
- hydrostatic skeleton
- skeletal type where support and msucle antagonism are based on the incompressibility of fluids, whether in a large, fluid-filled space, or in the internal volume of muscular cells
- totipotent
- cell type that can change into any cell type and is able to change back and forth among types; may spend different parts of life as different cell types
- metamorphosis
- major change in body form between larval and adult animals
- radula
- unique to molluscs, feeding organs shaped like a spiked tongue
- diploblastic
- animal with body walls of only two cell layers, sometimes with non-cellular mesoglea between layers
- rhyncocoel
- medodermally-derived compartment for housing the proboscis in nemertea
- renette cells
- unique excretory structures found in some nemotodes
- dimorphic
- undergoing two different adult morphologies
- gastrula
- stage of development where the ebryo consists of a hollow ball of cells where one point has begun to invaginate, starting a hollow tube taht will become the digestive tract (endoderm)
- mesenchyme
- typical middle layer of sponges (mesohyl) and Cnidaria and Ctenophora that is mostly acellular and not a distinct tissue layer
- spongin
- a collagen-based material made into fibers, part of the supportive network of sponges
- mesoglea
- non cellular (non-living), jelly like matrix between ectoderm and endoderm in Cndiaria
- bioerosion
- destruction of solid material by burrowing of living things (sponges, clams, etc)
- autonomous
- cells that are capable of living and acting on their own
- corona
- specialized, ciliated feeding and locomotory organ found on anterior end of rotifers
- atrium
- central chamber in a sponge, where water comes in from the choanocyte chambers and exits through the osculum
- ostia
- incurrent pores in sponges
- sycon
- sponge body form with many flagellated pumping canals radiate from spongocoel
- zooxanthellae
- symbiotic dinoflagellates that live within the tissues of cnidarians
- facultative anaerobiosis
- the ability to switch to functional anaerobic metabolism under anoxic conditions, and back again
- polyp
- cnidarian body form in which the mouth faces upwards, away from the substrate. Typically in benthic forms
- choanocoytes
- cells possessing a collar of microvilli around a central flagellum, that are used to capture food in the sponges and are a unique character of that phylum
- introvert
- type of pharynx seen in many blastocoelomates, where the structure everts via hydrostatic pressure and can be pulled inside the body with retractor muscles
- syncitial
- made of cells with seperate nuclei but not separated by plasma membranes
- spicules
- small skeletal elements made of hard material (calcium carbonate, silica, etc.) seen in various invertebrates
- cnidocytes
- specialized sensory/effector cells of Cnidaria, used for stinging, attachment, or other uses. Unique to the phylum
- osculum
- larger excurrent pores ins ponges
- mastax
- unique modified pharynx found in rotifers