social studies chapter 5 test
Terms
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- Japanese visit China
- because of this great cultural exchange occurred.
- Guilds
- za, in japan. was made to help protect and increase their profits. they relied on a daimyo.
- Feudism
- the bond of loyalty between a lord and a vassal
- chinese style buildings
- wooden walls, tile roofs, and polished wooden floors
- earthquackes
- many earthquakes occur because the islands lie in an area where parts of the earths surface often shift
- shinto shrine
- a buddhist, wooden buildong with a single room and a roof made fo rice straw. it was enetered throught a torii
- torii
- the holy gate that was entered through by the buddhist to get into a shrine
- gardens
- gardens were surrounding the buddhist temples and were designed to imitate nature in a miniature form. gardens were built to create a feleling of peace and calmness
- Heian
- built by emperor Kammu, new capital, became known as Kyoto. remodled to look like Chang'an
- Amida
- the lord that pure land Buddhism looked to, a Buddha of love and mercy. they thought he had a paradise above the clouds. to get there they had to have faith in Amida and chant his name
- Taika
- the yamato began the taika or the "great change"
- Kamakura
- shogun set up his government at at his headquarters in KAMAKURA. this military government was known as Shogunate
- Matsuo Basho
- the man who popularised haika. he was a man os samurai descent.
- yamato
- a clan that ruled most of japan in the AD 500's. they said that they had a right to rule japan because they were descended by the sun goddess. the leader jimmu took the title "emperor of heaven"
- 4 major islands
- Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, kyushu
- shokotu
- a yamato prince. he took charge of japan. he wanted a strong government and he looked to china as an example of what to do. he wanted an emperor with the help of trained officials chosen for their abilities. he created the constitution and a bureaucracy
- middle age art
- borrowed ideas from china & Korea. art reveled Japanese beauty & simplicity. they made: statues, funiture, and household items
- Shinto
- the religion of kami and animism it mean "way of the spirits"
- constitution
- created by shotoku, "a plan of government"
- kofun
- large mounds that the Yatoi barried their cheifs into
- Minamoto
- fought in the Gempei war an defeated the Taira. their ruler Minamoto Yoritomo
- sects
- Japan developed into many different sects, or smaller religious groups
- Haiku
- popularised by matsuo Basho. haika had three lines of words with a total of 17 sylables.
- Kammu
- emperor, built new capital, Heian
- what are some of the potential problems presented by japan's geography? think of political, administrative, & logistical problems?
- Political: geographic isolation forced the japanse to become independent and very nationalistic, which impacted how the government developed and how the people became territorial. to have land meant to be powerful. people began to fight over land both inside and outside of Japan. Administrative:geographic isolation from the rest of asia lead to Japan's independence. this included: art, government, religion, and literature. Logistical: because of mountains and mounty terrains, Japanese forced to live off of the sea, which led to settlement in coastal villiges. even today seafood i a big part of the diet.
- metal working
- the yayoi were skilled at metal working. they made.
- Noh
- the oldest type of Japanese play. Noh plays were used to teach buddhist ideas
- Bushido
- what the Samurai followed as their way of life. it means "the way of the Warrior"
- calligraphy
- the art of writing beautifuly. every well-educated person was expected to preactice calligraphy. it was thought that the persons handwriting revealed much about his or her education, social standing, and character
- Shogun
- the emperor gave minamoto Yoriomo the title "shogun" -cammander of all the emperors military forces
- Animism
- the belief that all nature is alive
- Kamakaze
- what the Japanese named the typhoons-the Mongols after the Japanese defeated them
- Ashicaga Takauji
- made himself shogun. started the Ashicaga Shogunate government
- 20% farmland
- because of the mountains only 20% of the land can be farmed
- SHORT ANSWER QUESTION
- X
- meditation
- Zen also did meditaiton. it helped people relax & find inner pease
- Kami
- the spirits that people would call when they needed help
- Shrines
- a buddhist temple, "a holy Place"
- Yayoi
- named after the place in japan where their artifacts were first dug up. introduced farming. they made pottery. they were skilled in metal working. they made themselves into clans. they were headed by a small group of worriers
- martial Arts
- what the Zen learned to control their bodies through
- horyuji
- one of the shrines/monasteries that shotoku had built. the only one in japan still standing today
- Pure land Buddhism
- one of the most important sects. it ws a type of Mahayana Buddhism.
- isolation
- the ocean around japan's islands keeps it isolated from the rest of Asia
- Daimyo
- the small territories the country divided into were headed by Daimyo's. (POWERFUL MILITARY LORDS)
- Vassals
- when a Samarai gave an oath of loyalty to his daimyo he is called a vassal
- skills that came from China and Korea
- the Yatoi made pottery and grew rice that they got from them
- Nara
- the new capital of japan built by the emperors. it was the center of government and religion in japan
- Taira
- the other family, lost to the Minamoto
- buddhist temple
- built chinese style. had they had many statues, paintings, and altars
- Kyoto
- the capital of japan. became a major center of production and trade
- Tanka
- the japanese' oldest form of poetry. an unrhymed poem of five lines. tanka poems were ment to capture beauty and the joys and sorrows of life
- Buddhism
- Japanese officials and nobles were the first to accept Buddhism. Buddhists and no Buddhists began to fight over government control
- Yuritomo
- Minamoto Yuritomo-he killed many relitives "ruthless ruler" he was
- Onin war
- war when Kyoto was almost destroyed.
- clans
- what the yayoi organized themselves into. it was headed by a small group of worriers.
- Zen Buddhism
- the other most important Sect in Japan. Zen taught that people could find inner peace through self control and a simple way of life.
- volcanoes
- 188 of japan's mountains are volcanoes.
- Family roles
- included: grandparents, parents, and children, a man headed the family a women was expected to obey her father, husband, and son. in wealthy families, parents arranged the wedding of their children
- Samurai
- warriors that agreed to fight for the nobles. means "to serve" they lived by following Bushido
- Murasaki Shikibu
- the woman who wrote the tale of Gengei. it describes the adventures of a japanese prince. some people beleive that it is the worlds forst novel.
- bureocracy
- created by shotoku for the government
- Taxes
- clan leaders could no longer collect taxes from the farmers
- jimmu
- yamato ruler who took the title "emperor of heaven"
- Gempei War
- civil war between two most powerful clans: Taira and Minamoto. Minamoto won.