History Vocab Chapters 28 and 29
Terms
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- Panic 1907
- Brief but sharp economic downturn, blamed by conservatives on the supposedly dangerous president
- Initiative
- Progressive proposal to allow voters to bypass state legislatures and propose legislation themselves
- Root-Takahira Agreement
- the agreement consisted of an official recognition of the territorial status quo as of November 1908, affirmation of the independence and territorial integrity of China (i.e. the "Open Door Policy" as proposed by John Hay), maintenance of free trade and equal commercial opportunities, Japanese recognition of the American annexation of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the Philippines and American recognition of Japan's position in Manchuria. Implicit in the agreement was American acknowledgement of Japan's right to annex Korea and dominance over southern Manchuria.
- Ida Tarbell
- Leading muckraking journalist whose articles documented the Standard Oil Company's abuse of power
- John Hay
- American secretary of state who attempted to preserve Chinese independence and protect American interests in China (Open Door Policy)
- Gifford Pinchot
- American conservationist and politician who served as chief of the U.S. Forest Service (1898-1910) and later helped found the Progressive Party (1912).
- Hiram Johnson
- was a leading American progressive and later isolationist politician from California;
- Big Stick Diplomacy
- International negotiations backed by the threat of force. The phrase comes from a proverb quoted by Theodore Roosevelt, who said that the United States should "Speak softly and carry a big stick."
- Boxer Rebellion
- Antiforeign Chinese revolt of 1900 that brought military intervention by Western troops, including Americans
- Jacob Riis
- author of How the Other Half Lives, a shocking description of the New York slums
- Hepburn Act
- Effective railroad-regulation law of 1906 thta greatly strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission
- Great White Fleet
- Large U.S. naval force sent on a peaceful but highly visible voyage to Japan and elsewhere in 1907
- Russo-Japanese War
- A war fought in 1904-1905 between Russia and Japan over rival territorial claims. In winning the war, Japan emerged as a world power.
- Thomas Platt
- Politician who successfully schemed to get TR out of New York and off to Washington
- Elkins Act
- strengthened the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 by imposing heavy fines on railroads offering rebates and on the shippers accepting them
- Emilio Aguinaldo
- Philippine leader of a rebellion against Spanish rule (1896-1898) and an uprising against American authority (1899-1901) that ended with his capture and subsequent oath of allegiance to the United States.
- Recall
- Progressive device that would enable voters to remove corrupt or ineffective officials from office
- Muckraker
- "one who inquires into and publishes scandal and allegations of corruption among political and business leaders," popularized 1906 in speech by President Theodore Roosevelt, in allusion to character in Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" (1684) who seeks worldly gain by raking filth.
- Frances Willard
- led the powerful women's reform organization, the Women's Christian Temperance Union
- Lockner v. New York
- Supreme court ruling that overturned a progressive law mandating a ten-hour work day
- Dollar Diplomacy
- A policy aimed at furthering the interests of the United States abroad by encouraging the investment of U.S. capital in foreign countries.
- Square Deal
- the stated policy of President Theodore Roosevelt, originally promising fairness in all dealings with labor and management and later extended to include other groups.
- Robert LaFollette
- THe most influential of the state-level progressive governors and a presidential aspirant in 1912
- Lincoln Steffens
- American journalist. As managing editor of McClure's Magazine (1902-1906), he exposed governmental corruption in a series of articles, thereby inaugurating the era of muckraking journalism.
- Muller v. Oregon
- Case that upheld protective legislation on the grounds of women's supposed physical weakness
- Upton Sinclair
- author of The Jungle that inspired proconsumer federal laws regulating meat, food, and drugs
- Roosevelt Corollary
- a corollary (1904) to the Monroe Doctrine, asserting that the U.S. might intervene in the affairs of an American republic threatened with seizure or intervention by a European country
- "Gentlemen's Agreement"
- Diplomatic understaning of 1907-1908 that ended a Japanese-American crisis over treatment of Japanese immigrants to the U.S.