Plescia Fall Final
Vocabulary
Terms
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- pampas
- a grassland region in Argentina and Uruguay
- conquistadors
- one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
- irrigation
- the watering of farmland with water drawn from reservoirs or rivers
- globalization
- to extend to other or all parts of the globe; make worldwide
- communism
- a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
- alluvial plain
- a level or gently sloping surface formed of sediments laid down by streams, generally during flooding.
- 7 elements of culture
- arts/literature; language; religion; customs and traditions; social groupings; economy; government
- Geography
- The study of the earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth, including human life and the effects of human activity.
- sepoy
- An indigenous soldier serving in the army of a foreign conqueror, especially an Indian soldier serving under British command in India.
- Jose Clemente Orozco
- Mexican painter noted for his frescoes dealing with political and social themes.
- monsoon
- the seasonal wind of the Indian Ocean and southern Asia, blowing from the southwest in summer and from the northeast in winter.
- diffusion
- the process by which a cultural element is transmitted from one group or individual to another
- nation state
- a sovereign state inhabited by a relatively homogeneous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality.
- central business district
- the commercial and often geographic heart of a city
- Ganges River
- a river flowing SE from the Himalayas in N India into the Bay of Bengal: sacred to Hindus. 1550 mi.
- sherpa
- a member of a people of Tibetan stock living in the Nepalese Himalayas, who often serve as porters on mountain-climbing expeditions.
- dalai lama
- (formerly) the ruler and chief monk of Tibet, believed to be a reincarnation of Avalokitesvara and sought for among newborn children after the death of the preceding Dalai Lama.
- city
- a large or important town.
- land reform
- any program, esp. when undertaken by a national government, involving the redistribution of agricultural land among the landless
- Frida Kahlo
- Mexican artist known for her surrealist self-portraits depicting physical and psychic pain.
- cultural convergence
- the contact and interaction of one culture with another
- infrastructure
- the basic support facilities of a community or country, such as roads and bridges, power plants, and schools
- per capita income
- the total national income divided by the number of people in the nation
- economy
- the management of the resources of a community, country, etc., esp. with a view to its productivity
- anthropology
- the science of humans and their works.
- acculturation
- the process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group.
- society
- an organized group of persons associated together for religious, benevolent, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes.
- Encomiendas
- in the US, a land grant system started in 1503 which gave certain Spaniards an estate or tract of land in America as well as the Native American inhabitants of that land; also, this tract of land and its inhabitants
- monarchy
- a system of authoritarian government headed by a monarch-a king, queen, shah, or sultan- whose position is usually inherited
- cash crop
- a farm crop grown for sale and profit
- dictatorship
- a system of governement in which absolute power is held by a small group or one person
- sphere of influence
- any area in which one nation wields dominant power over another or others.
- mao zedong
- 1893-1976, Chinese Communist leader: chairman of the People's Republic of China 1949-59; chairman of the Chinese Communist party 1943-76.
- subsistence farming
- farming that provides only enough for the needs of a family or a village
- coral
- the rocklike skeletons of tiny sea animals
- ethnic group
- people who share such things as culture, language and religion
- Tenochtitlan
- the capital of the Aztec empire: founded in 1325; destroyed by the Spaniards in 1521; now the site of Mexico City.
- Hinduism
- the common religion of India, based upon the religion of the original Aryan settlers as expounded and evolved in the Vedas, the Upanishads, the Bhagavad-Gita, etc., having an extremely diversified character with many schools of philosophy and theology, many popular cults, and a large pantheon symbolizing the many attributes of a single god. Buddhism and Jainism are outside the Hindu tradition but are regarded as related religions.
- Aztecs
- a member of a Nahuatl-speaking state in central Mexico that was conquered by Cortés in 1521
- urbanization
- the growth of city populations
- plateau
- an area of high, flat land
- nonviolent resistance
- peaceful resistance to a government by fasting or refusing to cooperate
- Storm surge
- an abnormal rise in the level of the sea along a coast caused by the onshore winds of a severe cyclone.
- global climate change
- the increase of global warming
- land redistribution
- a plicy by whihc land is taken from those who own large amounts and redistributed to those who have little or none
- sari
- a garment worn by Hindu women, consisting of a long piece of cotton or silk wrapped around the body with one end draped over the head or over one shoulder.
- Buddhism
- a religion, originated in India by Buddha (Gautama) and later spreading to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia, holding that life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment that enables one to halt the endless sequence of births and deaths to which one is otherwise subject.
- cottage industry
- the production, for sale, of goods at home, as the making of handicrafts by rural families.
- Hernan Cortez
- Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)
- birthrate
- the number of live births each year per 1,000 people
- maquiladoras
- factories in Mexico, along the US border, that assemble goods for export
- migrant worker
- a worker who travels from place to place, working where extra help is needed to cultivate or harvest crops
- latitude/longitude
- imaginary lines that grid the earth
- NAFTA
- north american free trade agreement, which phased out trade barriers between the US, Canada, and Mexico
- karma
- Hinduism, Buddhism. action, seen as bringing upon oneself inevitable results, good or bad, either in this life or in a reincarnation: in Hinduism one of the means of reaching Brahman
- sinkhole
- a hole formed when limestone is dissolved causing the land above to collapse
- charpoy
- a light bedstead used in India.
- hacienda
- a large spanish-owned estate in the Americas, often run as a farm or a cattle ranch
- state
- a politically unified people occupying a definite territory
- abdicate
- to renounce or relinquish a throne, right, power, claim, responsibility, or the like, esp. in a formal manner:
- subcontinent
- a large, relatively self-contained landmass forming a subdivision of a continent
- partition
- to divide (a country or territory) into separate, usually differing political entities.
- export
- an item that is sent out of the country for sale
- Sultanate
- the territory ruled over by a sultan
- latifundio
- a large commercial farm owned by a private individual or a farming company
- caudillo
- a latin american military dictator
- East India Company
- an English company formed in 1600 to develop trade with the new British colonies in India and southeastern Asia; in the 18th century it assumed administrative control of Bengal and held it until the British army took over in 1858 after the Indian Mutiny
- natural resources
- a material in the natural environment that people value and use to satisfy their needs
- ethnocentrism
- the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own ethnic group or culture.
- democracy
- a system of government in which the people are invested with the power to choose their leaders and determine government policy
- metropolitan area
- of or pertaining to a large city, its surrounding suburbs, and other neighboring communities
- cay
- a small, low island or coral reef
- nonaligned nations
- Nations of the Third World that as a group rejected alliance with either the United States or the former Soviet Union.
- peninsula
- a strip of land that juts out into an ocean
- global environmental problems
- various problems caused by the interaction of humans and the environment
- ejido
- farmland owned collectively by members of a rural community
- Gandhi
- Indian nationalist and spiritual leader who developed the practice of nonviolent disobedience that forced Great Britain to grant independence to India (1947). He was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic.
- Quetzalcoatl
- the feathered serpent god of the Aztec and Toltec cultures
- mestizo
- a person of mixed European and Native American heritage
- caste system
- a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity
- imports
- items that are brought into the country for sale
- dialect
- a variation of a spoken language that is unique to a region or community
- tibet
- A historical region of central Asia between the Himalaya and Kunlun mountains. A center of Lamaist Buddhism, Tibet first flourished as an independent kingdom in the seventh century. It fell under Mongol influence from the 13th to the 18th century and later came under Chinese control (1720).
- suburb
- a district lying immediately outside a city or town, esp. a smaller residential community.
- Culture
- the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group
- reincarnation
- the belief that the soul, upon death of the body, comes back to earth in another body or form.
- 5 elements of Geography
- place; region; interaction; location; movement
- boycott
- to abstain from buying or using
- Diego Rivera
- socialist Mexican painter of murals (1886-1957)