Geography Terms Chapters 1-4
Terms
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- Capitalism
- a form of economic and social organization characterized by the profit motive and the control of the means of production, distribution and the exchange of goods by private ownership.
- Cognitive Distance
- the distance that people perceive to exist in a given situation
- Cognitive Space
- space defined and measured in terms o fthe nature and degree of people's values, feelings, beliefs and perceptions about locations, districts and regions
- Distance-Decay Function
- The rate at which a particular activity or process diminishes with increasing distance.
- Economies of Scale
- cost advantages to manufacturers that accrue from high-volume production, since the average cost of production falls with increasing output
- Formal Region
- groups of areal units that have a high degree of homogeneity in terms of particular distinguishing features
- Friction of Distance
- the deterrent or inhibiting effect of distance on human activity
- Functional Region
- regions with some variability in certain attributes but with an overall coherence to the structure and dynamics of economic, political and social organization
- Geographic Information System (GIS)
- an organized collection of computer hardware, software, and geographic data that is designed to capture, store, update, manipulate and display geographically referenced information
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
- a system of satellites that orbit the Earth on precisely predictable paths, broadcasting highly accurate time and locational information
- identity
- the sense that people make of themselves through their subjective feelings based on their everyday experiences and wider social relations
- Infrastructure
- the underlying framework of services and amenities needed to facilitate productive activity
- Latitude
- the angular distance of a point on Earth's surface, measured N and S from the equator
- Longitude
- the angular distance of a point on the Earth's surface, measured E and W from the prime meridian (the line that passes through both poles and through Greenwich, England)
- Colonialism
- The establishment and maintenance of political and legal domination by a state over a separate and alien society