CCNA 1 Chapter 1
Terms
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- LAN
- Local Area Network
- NIC
- Network Interface Card
- DSL
- Digital Signal Line
- A connectoin to the Internet can be broken down into the following components:
-
Physical connection
Logical connection
Applications - Protocol
- Protocol is a formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern how devices on a network communicate.
- TCP/IP
- TCP/IP is the primary protocol used on the Internet.
- Application
- Applications interpret the data and display the information in an understandable format.
- Web browser
- A web browser displays HTML as a web page.
- FTP
- File Transfer Protocol
- Transistor
- A transistor is a device that amplifies a signal or opens and closes a circuit. Mircoprocessors can have millions of transistors.
- Integrated circuit (IC)
- An integrated circuit is a device made of semiconductor material. It contains many transistors and performs a specific task.
- Resistor
- A resistor is a device that is made of material that opposes the flow of electric current.
- Capacitor
- A capacitor is an electronic component that stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field. It consists of two conducting metal plates separated by an insulating material.
- Connector
- A connector is a port or interface that a cable plug into. Examples include serial, parallel, USB, and disk drive interfaces.
- Light emitting diode (LED)
- A light emitting diode is a semiconductor device that emits light when a current passes through it. These are commonly used as indicator lights.
- Backplane
- a backplane is a large circuit board that contains sockets for expansion cards.
- Memory chips
- RAM chips on memory cards plug into the motherboard.
- Network interface card (NIC)
- A network interface card is an expansion board that provides a network communication connection to and from a PC.
- Video Card
- A video card is a board that plugs into a PC to give it display capabilities. Video cards typically include onboard microprocessors and additional memory to speed up and enhance graphics display.
- Sound Card
- A sound card is an expansion board that handles all sound functions.
- Parallel port
- A parallel port is an interface that can transfer more than 1 bit at a time. It connects external devices, such as printers.
- Serial port
- A serial port is an interface used for serial communication in which only 1 bit is transmitted at a time.
- Mouse port
- A mouse port is designed for connecting a mouse to a PC
- Keyboard port
- A keyboard port is designed to connect a keyboard to a PC.
- Power cord
- A power cord connects an electrical device to an electrical outlet to provide power to the device.
- Universal Serial Bus port (USB)
- A universal serial bus port interface lets peripheral devices such sa mice, modems, keyboards, scanners, and printers be plugged in and unplugged without resetting the system.
- Printed circuit board (PCB)
- A printed circuit board is a thin plate on which chips (integrated circuits) and other electronic components are placed.
- CD-ROM Drive
- A CD-ROM drive is an optical drive that can read information from a CD-ROM. THis can also be a CD-RW (compact disk read-write) drive or a DVD (digital video disk) drive or a combination of all three in one drive.
- Central processing unit (CPU)
- The central processing unit is the "brain" of the computer,where most of the calculations take place.
- Floppy disk drive
- The floppy disk drive is a device that can read and write to floppy disks.
- Hard disk drive
- A hard disk drive is a device that reads and writes data on a hard disk.
- Microprocessor
- A microprocessor is a silicon chip that contains a CPU.
- Motherboard
- A motherboard is the computer's main circuit board. The motherboard is crucial because it is the computer's nerve center.
- Bus
- A bus is a collection of circuits through which data is transmitted from one part of a computer to another. The bus connects al lthe internal ocmputer components to the CPU.
- ISA bus
- Industry-Standard Architecture bus
- PCI bus
- Peripheral component interconnect bus
- Random-access memory (RAM)
- Random-access memory is also known as read-write memory. RAM is the main working aread, or temporary storage, used by the CPU for most processing and operations. RAM requires electrical power to maintain data storage.
- Read-only memory (ROM)
- Read-only memory is a type of computer memory in which data has been prerecorded and can only be read. A version of ROM known as EEPROM (electronically erasable programmable read-only memory) can be written to. It is also called Flash memory or firmware.
- Expansion slot
- An expansion slot is an opening in a computer usually on the motherboard.
- System unit
- A system unit is the main component of the PC system. It includes the case, chassis, power supply, microprocessors, main memory, bus, expansion cards, disk drives, and ports.
- Power supply
- The power supply component supplies power to a computer by taking alternating current (AC) and converting it to 5 to 12 volts direct current (DC) to power the computer.
- Personal Computer Memory Card International Association card slots
- PCMCIA card slots are used in laptop computers.
- IRQ
- Interrupt Request
- Interrupt Request
- An Interrupt Request is a signal that informs the CPU that an event needing its attention has occurred.
- When selecting a NIC for a network, consider the following:
-
Type of network
Type of medium
Type of system bus - Modem
- A modem is an electronic device that is used for computer communications through telphone lines.
- PSTN
- Public Switched Telephone Network
- DMA
- Direct Memory Address
- Direct Memory Address
- DMA transfers data from RAM to a device without going through the CPU>
- DNS
- Domain Name System
- DHCP
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- PING
- Packet Internet Groper
- ICMP
- Internet Control Message Protocol
- HTML
- Hypertext Markup Language
- Hyperlinks
- Hyperlinks are computer-program commands that point to other HTML files on a web server or other places in the same documents, which provide shortcuts to other web pages and files.
- Troubleshooting Internet Connection Problems
-
Step 1 Define the problem.
Step 2 Gather the facts.
Step 3 Consider the possibility.
Step 4 Create an action plan
Step 5 Implement the plan.
Step 6 Observe the results